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Safe Drinking Water Act Standards

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Asbestos

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Safe levels: 7 MFL (million fibers per liter). Health effects: Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.

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Arsenic

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Safe levels: 10 µg/L. Health effects: Skin damage, circulatory system problems, increased risk of cancer.

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Lead

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Safe levels: Action Level at 0.015 mg/L. Health effects: Developmental issues in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure.

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Chlorine

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Safe levels: MRDL of 4.0 mg/L. Health effects: Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort.

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Mercury (Inorganic)

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Safe levels: 0.002 mg/L. Health effects: Kidney damage.

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Uranium

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Safe levels: 30 µg/L. Health effects: Increased risk of cancer, kidney toxicity.

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Vinyl Chloride

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Safe levels: 0.002 mg/L. Health effects: Increased risk of cancer; liver, nervous system problems.

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Benzene

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Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Anemia, decrease in blood platelets, increased risk of cancer.

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Fluoride

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Safe levels: 4.0 mg/L. Health effects: Bone disease (including pain and tenderness of the bones); children may get mottled teeth.

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Selenium

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Safe levels: 0.05 mg/L. Health effects: Hair or fingernail loss, numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems.

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Turbidity

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Safe levels: Treatment Technique (TT) requires less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in 95% of samples each month. Health effects: Can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth.

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Radon

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Safe levels: No MCL established; proposed but not finalized level is 300 pCi/L. Health effects: Increased risk of lung cancer, particularly from inhalation.

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Acrylamide

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Safe levels: TT requires feeding and control equipment to limit levels. Health effects: Nervous system damage, increased risk of cancer.

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Chromium (Total)

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Safe levels: 0.1 mg/L. Health effects: Allergic dermatitis.

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Perchlorate

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Safe levels: No federal MCL, but some states have levels such as 1-6 µg/L. Health effects: Disrupts thyroid function, developmental issues in infants and children.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE)

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Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Liver problems, increased risk of cancer.

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Nitrate

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Safe levels: 10 mg/L (as N). Health effects: 'Blue baby syndrome' in infants, disrupted blood oxygenation.

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Manganese

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Safe levels: Secondary MCL of 0.05 mg/L. Health effects: Neurological effects in infants and the elderly, may also cause brownish-black staining on fixtures and laundry.

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Copper

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Safe levels: Action Level at 1.3 mg/L. Health effects: Gastrointestinal distress, liver and kidney damage.

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Radium

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Safe levels: 5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) combined for 226/228. Health effects: Increased risk of bone cancer.

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Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)

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Safe levels: 0.00003 µg/L. Health effects: Reproductive and developmental problems; risk of cancer.

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Cadmium

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Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Kidney damage.

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Cryptosporidium

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Safe levels: Requires 99% reduction. Health effects: Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).

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Giardia lamblia

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Safe levels: Requires 99.9% reduction. Health effects: Diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and more gastrointestinal issues.

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Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)

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Safe levels: 80 µg/L. Health effects: Liver, kidney or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer.

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Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

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Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Liver problems, increased risk of cancer.

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Atrazine

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Safe levels: 0.003 mg/L. Health effects: Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems.

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Barium

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Safe levels: 2 mg/L. Health effects: Increase in blood pressure.

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Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

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Safe levels: 0.00005 mg/L. Health effects: Problems with the reproductive system, liver, kidneys, heart; increased risk of cancer.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

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Safe levels: 0.0005 mg/L. Health effects: Skin conditions such as chloracne; can affect the liver, endocrine system, and reproductive system.

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