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Safe Drinking Water Act Standards
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Asbestos
Safe levels: 7 MFL (million fibers per liter). Health effects: Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.
Arsenic
Safe levels: 10 µg/L. Health effects: Skin damage, circulatory system problems, increased risk of cancer.
Lead
Safe levels: Action Level at 0.015 mg/L. Health effects: Developmental issues in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure.
Chlorine
Safe levels: MRDL of 4.0 mg/L. Health effects: Eye/nose irritation; stomach discomfort.
Mercury (Inorganic)
Safe levels: 0.002 mg/L. Health effects: Kidney damage.
Uranium
Safe levels: 30 µg/L. Health effects: Increased risk of cancer, kidney toxicity.
Vinyl Chloride
Safe levels: 0.002 mg/L. Health effects: Increased risk of cancer; liver, nervous system problems.
Benzene
Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Anemia, decrease in blood platelets, increased risk of cancer.
Fluoride
Safe levels: 4.0 mg/L. Health effects: Bone disease (including pain and tenderness of the bones); children may get mottled teeth.
Selenium
Safe levels: 0.05 mg/L. Health effects: Hair or fingernail loss, numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems.
Turbidity
Safe levels: Treatment Technique (TT) requires less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in 95% of samples each month. Health effects: Can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth.
Radon
Safe levels: No MCL established; proposed but not finalized level is 300 pCi/L. Health effects: Increased risk of lung cancer, particularly from inhalation.
Acrylamide
Safe levels: TT requires feeding and control equipment to limit levels. Health effects: Nervous system damage, increased risk of cancer.
Chromium (Total)
Safe levels: 0.1 mg/L. Health effects: Allergic dermatitis.
Perchlorate
Safe levels: No federal MCL, but some states have levels such as 1-6 µg/L. Health effects: Disrupts thyroid function, developmental issues in infants and children.
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Liver problems, increased risk of cancer.
Nitrate
Safe levels: 10 mg/L (as N). Health effects: 'Blue baby syndrome' in infants, disrupted blood oxygenation.
Manganese
Safe levels: Secondary MCL of 0.05 mg/L. Health effects: Neurological effects in infants and the elderly, may also cause brownish-black staining on fixtures and laundry.
Copper
Safe levels: Action Level at 1.3 mg/L. Health effects: Gastrointestinal distress, liver and kidney damage.
Radium
Safe levels: 5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) combined for 226/228. Health effects: Increased risk of bone cancer.
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Safe levels: 0.00003 µg/L. Health effects: Reproductive and developmental problems; risk of cancer.
Cadmium
Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Kidney damage.
Cryptosporidium
Safe levels: Requires 99% reduction. Health effects: Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).
Giardia lamblia
Safe levels: Requires 99.9% reduction. Health effects: Diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and more gastrointestinal issues.
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Safe levels: 80 µg/L. Health effects: Liver, kidney or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancer.
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)
Safe levels: 0.005 mg/L. Health effects: Liver problems, increased risk of cancer.
Atrazine
Safe levels: 0.003 mg/L. Health effects: Cardiovascular system or reproductive problems.
Barium
Safe levels: 2 mg/L. Health effects: Increase in blood pressure.
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
Safe levels: 0.00005 mg/L. Health effects: Problems with the reproductive system, liver, kidneys, heart; increased risk of cancer.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Safe levels: 0.0005 mg/L. Health effects: Skin conditions such as chloracne; can affect the liver, endocrine system, and reproductive system.
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