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An early and open process for determining the scope of issues to be addressed in an EIS. This process involves inviting the participation of affected parties and leads to defining the range of actions, alternatives, and impacts to be considered in the EIS.

A document by a federal agency that a project will not have a significant impact on the environment and therefore does not require the preparation of an EIS. The FONSI includes the rationale for this decision, often based on the results of an EA.

A concise public document that serves to determine whether a federal action would have significant environmental impacts, and hence if an Environmental Impact Statement is required. An EA includes a brief discussion of the need for the proposal, alternatives, and impacts.

Actions proposed to minimize environmental impacts from a federal action. These measures can include efforts to avoid, minimize, rectify, reduce, or compensate for the impact, and they are often described in the EA or EIS.

A category of actions which do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the environment, and therefore do not require an Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Its use can streamline the NEPA process for certain federal actions.

NEPA requires that federal agencies encourage and facilitate public involvement in decisions that affect the environment. This can include public hearings, comment periods, and responding to public comments, ensuring that the public's view is considered in the decision-making process.

NEPA establishes a national policy for the environment, aimed at promoting its enhancement and the interrelationship of federal decisions with the environmental quality. Its implications include the requirement for federal agencies to consider environmental effects of their actions and make informed decisions.