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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations
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Federal Mine Safety and Health Act (Mine Act)
Scope: Protects miners' safety and health. Main points: Sets mandatory safety and health standards, requires regular inspections of mines, and supports research to develop mine safety and health innovations.
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Scope: Protects critically endangered species from extinction. Main points: Identification and protection of endangered species and habitats, prohibits unauthorized trade/harm, and creates recovery plans.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
Scope: Gives EPA authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing of chemicals. Main points: Regulates new chemical substances, manages risk of existing chemicals, and maintains an inventory of chemicals manufactured/imported.
Clean Air Act (CAA)
Scope: Controls air pollution on a national level. Main points: Sets NAAQS, mandates state implementation plans, and manages emissions of hazardous air pollutants.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Scope: Governs disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Main points: Cradle-to-grave waste management, hazardous waste identification, and permitting for waste treatment/storage/disposal facilities.
Clean Water Act (CWA)
Scope: Establishes structure for regulating pollutants discharges into U.S. waters. Main points: Implements pollution control programs and sets water quality standards.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
Scope: Protects migratory bird species between the U.S. and other countries. Main points: Prohibits taking, killing, or selling migratory birds without proper authorization, and regulates hunting seasons.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
Scope: Assists communities in emergency response preparation. Main points: Community right-to-know reporting requirements, emergency planning provisions, and Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) database.
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
Scope: Preserves certain rivers with outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values. Main points: Designates eligible rivers for protection, restricts certain damaging practices, and encourages river management that protects values.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
Scope: Regulates food safety, human and veterinary drugs, cosmetic products, and medical devices. Main points: Prohibits the sale of adulterated or misbranded substances, oversees food additives, and regulates pesticide residue in food.
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
Scope: Revises the way the EPA regulates pesticides. Main points: Implements stricter safety standards for pesticide residues in foods, considers risks to children, and sets a standard of 'reasonable certainty of no harm'.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Scope: Addresses clean-up of hazardous substance releases. Main points: Establishes Superfund program, liability provisions for parties responsible for hazardous waste sites, and emergency response authority.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Scope: Promotes enhancement of the environment. Main points: Requires federal agencies to prepare environmental assessments (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs), and consider environmental impacts in decision-making process.
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Scope: Protects the quality of drinking water in the U.S. Main points: Sets standards for drinking water quality, oversees states' drinking water programs, and addresses underground water sources through Underground Injection Control (UIC) program.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Scope: Controls pesticide distribution, sale, and use. Main points: All pesticides must be registered with EPA, requires approved labeling and restricts use to registered uses.
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA)
Scope: Regulates ocean dumping and creates marine sanctuaries. Main points: Prohibits unpermitted transport of material for ocean dumping, authorizes related research, and designates National Marine Sanctuaries.
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
Scope: Focuses on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use. Main points: Preventative approach to waste management, promotes source reduction, and encourages recycling and sustainable practices.
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
Scope: Ensures that wildlife conservation is considered in water resource development projects. Main points: Requires consultation with wildlife agencies, recognizes the interdependence of wildlife with their habitats, and promotes the conservation and enhancement of wildlife resources.
Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
Scope: Aims to eliminate lead-based paint hazards in homes with children. Main points: Bans lead-based paint in residential structures, establishes lead-safe certification program for contractors, and enforces lead hazard control measures.
Energy Policy Act (EPAct)
Scope: Addresses energy production in the U.S. Main points: Expands energy efficiency programs, promotes renewable energy, and modifies tax incentives for energy production.
Atomic Energy Act (AEA)
Scope: Governs the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the control of atomic energy materials. Main points: Licensing and regulation of the uses of nuclear materials, oversees the protection and promotion of public health and safety.
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
Scope: Manages the nation's coastal resources, including the Great Lakes. Main points: Provides framework for states to develop coastal zone management plans, ensures protection of natural resources, and balances economic development with environmental conservation.
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
Scope: Governs marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters. Main points: Prevents overfishing, rebuilds overfished stocks, establishes eight regional fishery management councils, and ensures sustainable fishery practices.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA)
Scope: Regulates surface coal mining and reclamation activities. Main points: Establishes minimum standards for mining practices, requires reclamation of mined land, and finances restoration of abandoned mine lands through fees on coal production.
Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
Scope: Addresses prevention and response to oil spills. Main points: Requires oil spill contingency planning, imposes liability for clean-up costs on parties responsible for oil spills, and establishes a trust fund for spill response.
Noise Control Act (NCA)
Scope: Promotes a national environment free from noise that jeopardizes health and welfare. Main points: Establishes noise emission standards, conducts noise research, and deals with noise-related activities like product labeling.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
Scope: The primary federal law in the U.S. governing water pollution (currently known as Clean Water Act). Main points: Established the basic structure for regulating discharges into the waters, and set water quality standards for all contaminants.
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Scope: Regulates workplace environmental conditions that may harm workers. Main points: Establishes health and safety standards, enforces compliance, and includes the ‘General Duty Clause’ requiring employers to keep their workplaces free of serious recognized hazards.
Antiquities Act
Scope: Protects archeological sites and historical artefacts. Main points: Authorizes the President to create national monuments, protects landmarks and objects of historic interest on federal lands, and prohibits excavation/removal without a permit.
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