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Coordinate Systems
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Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)
A coordinate system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the earth's surface. Used for mapping and navigation.
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
A global map projection system that divides the world into a series of 6-degree longitudinal zones. Used for detailed mapping and land division.
State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)
A system used in the United States designed for specific states or regions to minimize distortion. Used for engineering and construction projects.
Web Mercator
A variant of the Mercator projection used by many online mapping services. Useful for web applications due to consistent scale.
World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
The current standard global datum for Earth, used in navigation and satellite data systems. Ensures a consistent positional reference.
North American Datum 1983 (NAD83)
A continental datum for North America that provides a consistent framework for mapping and geospatial data.
European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89)
The standard precise GPS coordinate system throughout Europe, tied to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate.
British National Grid (BNG)
The coordinate system used by the Ordnance Survey for the United Kingdom, which provides a unique reference for locations.
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
A conic map projection ideal for mid-latitude countries, which portrays areas with minimal distortion over east-west extents.
Latitude/Longitude
A geographical coordinate system that defines points on the Earth's surface using two angles measured from Earth's center.
Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF)
A 3D Cartesian coordinate system which rotates with the Earth, where each point is described using XYZ coordinates.
Plate Carrée Projection
A simple cylindrical projection that stretches the globe into a rectangle, often used for raster data representation.
Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
A grid-based system used by NATO that enables precise location referencing on the Earth using a standardized alphanumeric format.
Geocentric Coordinate System
A 3D spherical coordinate system which has its origin at the Earth's center of mass; used in astronomy and geodesy.
Albers Equal Area Projection
A conic projection that accurately represents area, used for thematic maps where true representation of area is necessary.
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