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Coordinate Systems

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Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)

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A coordinate system that uses latitude and longitude to define locations on the earth's surface. Used for mapping and navigation.

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Latitude/Longitude

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A geographical coordinate system that defines points on the Earth's surface using two angles measured from Earth's center.

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European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89)

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The standard precise GPS coordinate system throughout Europe, tied to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate.

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Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

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A global map projection system that divides the world into a series of 6-degree longitudinal zones. Used for detailed mapping and land division.

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Plate Carrée Projection

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A simple cylindrical projection that stretches the globe into a rectangle, often used for raster data representation.

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British National Grid (BNG)

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The coordinate system used by the Ordnance Survey for the United Kingdom, which provides a unique reference for locations.

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North American Datum 1983 (NAD83)

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A continental datum for North America that provides a consistent framework for mapping and geospatial data.

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Geocentric Coordinate System

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A 3D spherical coordinate system which has its origin at the Earth's center of mass; used in astronomy and geodesy.

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Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF)

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A 3D Cartesian coordinate system which rotates with the Earth, where each point is described using XYZ coordinates.

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Albers Equal Area Projection

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A conic projection that accurately represents area, used for thematic maps where true representation of area is necessary.

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Web Mercator

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A variant of the Mercator projection used by many online mapping services. Useful for web applications due to consistent scale.

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World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)

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The current standard global datum for Earth, used in navigation and satellite data systems. Ensures a consistent positional reference.

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Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

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A conic map projection ideal for mid-latitude countries, which portrays areas with minimal distortion over east-west extents.

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Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)

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A grid-based system used by NATO that enables precise location referencing on the Earth using a standardized alphanumeric format.

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State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)

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A system used in the United States designed for specific states or regions to minimize distortion. Used for engineering and construction projects.

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