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Earth Observation Satellites
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Terra
Mission: Multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit. Key Instruments: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), CERES, MISR, MOPITT
GOES-16
Mission: Weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research. Key Instruments: Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM)
Landsat 8
Mission: Earth observation for environmental monitoring. Key Instruments: Operational Land Imager (OLI), Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)
Aqua
Mission: Earth Science satellite mission with a focus on water cycle. Key Instruments: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), CERES, AMSU, AMSR-E
Sentinel-2
Mission: Land monitoring and providing continuous land and coastal zone imagery. Key Instruments: Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI)
Jason-3
Mission: Oceanography to measure sea surface height. Key Instruments: Poseidon-3B altimeter, AMR, DORIS, LRA
Envisat
Mission: Environmental monitoring and oceanographic research. Key Instruments: Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), RA-2
GRACE
Mission: Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment to measure Earth's gravity field. Key Instruments: Microwave K-Band ranging system, Accelerometers
Suomi NPP
Mission: Climate research and weather forecasting. Key Instruments: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
Cryosat-2
Mission: Monitoring Earth's polar ice and measuring the thickness of ice over land and sea. Key Instruments: Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radar Altimeter (SIRAL)
SMAP
Mission: Soil Moisture Active Passive mission to measure soil moisture and freeze-thaw state. Key Instruments: Radar, Radiometer
Calipso
Mission: Studying the impact of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's climate. Key Instruments: Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR), Wide Field Camera (WFC)
SPOT-6
Mission: High-resolution optical imaging for environmental monitoring and mapping. Key Instruments: High-resolution visible and near-infrared sensors
NOAA-20
Mission: Weather observation and atmospheric measurement for forecasting and climate studies. Key Instruments: VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS
ICESat-2
Mission: Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 for measuring elevation and ice-sheet mass balance. Key Instruments: Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS)
Himawari-8
Mission: Metrological observations over the East Asia and Western Pacific regions. Key Instruments: Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI)
Sentinel-1
Mission: All-weather, day-and-night land and sea monitoring. Key Instruments: C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
GPM Core Observatory
Mission: Global Precipitation Measurement mission for observing rain and snow worldwide. Key Instruments: Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), GPM Microwave Imager (GMI)
ALOS-2
Mission: Mapping, precise regional land coverage observation, disaster monitoring, and resource surveys. Key Instruments: Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2)
Metop
Mission: Providing detailed meteorological data for weather prediction and climate monitoring. Key Instruments: Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), High resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS)
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