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Earth Observation Satellites

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Terra

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Mission: Multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit. Key Instruments: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), CERES, MISR, MOPITT

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GOES-16

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Mission: Weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research. Key Instruments: Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM)

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Landsat 8

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Mission: Earth observation for environmental monitoring. Key Instruments: Operational Land Imager (OLI), Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)

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Aqua

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Mission: Earth Science satellite mission with a focus on water cycle. Key Instruments: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), CERES, AMSU, AMSR-E

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Sentinel-2

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Mission: Land monitoring and providing continuous land and coastal zone imagery. Key Instruments: Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI)

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Jason-3

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Mission: Oceanography to measure sea surface height. Key Instruments: Poseidon-3B altimeter, AMR, DORIS, LRA

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Envisat

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Mission: Environmental monitoring and oceanographic research. Key Instruments: Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), RA-2

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GRACE

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Mission: Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment to measure Earth's gravity field. Key Instruments: Microwave K-Band ranging system, Accelerometers

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Suomi NPP

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Mission: Climate research and weather forecasting. Key Instruments: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)

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Cryosat-2

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Mission: Monitoring Earth's polar ice and measuring the thickness of ice over land and sea. Key Instruments: Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radar Altimeter (SIRAL)

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SMAP

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Mission: Soil Moisture Active Passive mission to measure soil moisture and freeze-thaw state. Key Instruments: Radar, Radiometer

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Calipso

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Mission: Studying the impact of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's climate. Key Instruments: Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR), Wide Field Camera (WFC)

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SPOT-6

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Mission: High-resolution optical imaging for environmental monitoring and mapping. Key Instruments: High-resolution visible and near-infrared sensors

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NOAA-20

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Mission: Weather observation and atmospheric measurement for forecasting and climate studies. Key Instruments: VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS

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ICESat-2

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Mission: Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 for measuring elevation and ice-sheet mass balance. Key Instruments: Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS)

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Himawari-8

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Mission: Metrological observations over the East Asia and Western Pacific regions. Key Instruments: Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI)

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Sentinel-1

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Mission: All-weather, day-and-night land and sea monitoring. Key Instruments: C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

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GPM Core Observatory

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Mission: Global Precipitation Measurement mission for observing rain and snow worldwide. Key Instruments: Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), GPM Microwave Imager (GMI)

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ALOS-2

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Mission: Mapping, precise regional land coverage observation, disaster monitoring, and resource surveys. Key Instruments: Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2)

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Metop

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Mission: Providing detailed meteorological data for weather prediction and climate monitoring. Key Instruments: Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), High resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS)

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