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A set of data points in space produced by LiDAR sensors. Point clouds are often used to create 3D models of the environment.

An aerial photograph geometrically corrected such that the scale is uniform, representing the Earth's surface with little distortion.

Light Detection and Ranging, a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure distances to the Earth's surface.

A physical marker with known geographic coordinates used to calibrate and validate LiDAR data and aerial imagery.

The measurement of the time taken by a laser pulse to travel to the target and back, used to determine distance.

The process of categorizing LiDAR points based on their return signal characteristics to identify features like buildings, vegetation, and ground.

The shape and characteristics of the laser pulse signal as it reflects off surfaces and returns to the LiDAR sensor.

A 3D representation of a terrain's surface created from LiDAR point cloud data, representing the Earth's surface elevations.

The ratio of the amount of light returned by an object to the amount of light emitted by the LiDAR system.

The smallest distance between two objects that a LiDAR system can distinguish as separate in the direction of the laser pulse.

The measure of the return signal's strength in a LiDAR system, which can indicate the type of surface that reflected the laser pulse.

A digital model that captures the tops of everything on the Earth's surface, including the vegetation, buildings, and other man-made features.

The study and mapping of seafloor topography. Bathymetric LiDAR systems measure water depth and underwater topography.

A burst of focused light emitted by the LiDAR instrument that travels to the target and back.