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GIS Analysis Techniques
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Overlay Analysis
Purpose: To combine multiple data layers according to specific rules. Application: Integrating land use, topography, and hydrography data to identify suitable locations for development.
Buffer Analysis
Purpose: To generate areas of influence around specific features. Application: Creating zones around rivers, schools, or roads for planning and regulation.
Network Analysis
Purpose: To analyze movement along a network. Application: Optimizing routes for transportation, emergency evacuation planning.
Temporal Analysis
Purpose: To examine geographic data over time. Application: Tracking changes in land use, deforestation, or urban expansion.
Viewshed Analysis
Purpose: To determine the visible areas from a particular point. Application: Site selection for cell towers, landscape planning.
Density Analysis
Purpose: To calculate the density of features within a specific area. Application: Analyzing crime rate patterns, animal population studies.
Thematic Mapping
Purpose: To display specific themes or variables across a geographic area. Application: Visual representation of demographic or environmental data for communication and decision-making.
Interpolation Analysis
Purpose: To predict values for areas without data based on known values. Application: Generating continuous surfaces for temperature, pollution, or elevation.
Cost-Distance Analysis
Purpose: To model the cost of travel over a surface. Application: Planning optimal paths for pipelines, roads, and hiking trails.
Raster Calculation
Purpose: To perform map algebra with raster data for analysis. Application: Land cover change detection, environmental impact assessment.
Zonal Analysis
Purpose: To analyze the values of a raster within the zones of another dataset. Application: Land cover classification, soil type analysis.
Surface Analysis
Purpose: To analyze the properties and behaviors of surfaces. Application: Studying terrain for watershed management and agriculture.
Accessibility Analysis
Purpose: To measure the ease of access to various services and facilities. Application: Healthcare planning, urban development.
Proximity Analysis
Purpose: To assess the closeness of features to one another. Application: Determining access to services, natural disaster impact zones.
Terrain Modeling
Purpose: To represent the terrain in a digital format for analysis. Application: Soil erosion studies, military simulations.
Topological Analysis
Purpose: To study the relationships between spatial features. Application: Ensuring road networks connect without overlap, validating GIS data.
Pattern Analysis
Purpose: To examine the distribution and arrangement of features in space. Application: Ecology for species distribution, urban planning for housing patterns.
3D Analysis
Purpose: To create three-dimensional models for visualization and analysis. Application: Urban planning, geological studies.
Spatial Statistics
Purpose: To explore and model spatial patterns. Application: Investigating geographic distribution of diseases or environmental phenomena.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
Purpose: To facilitate decision-making by evaluating multiple conflicting criteria. Application: Land use planning, environmental impact assessments.
Predictive Modeling
Purpose: To forecast future conditions based on current and historical data. Application: Predicting urban growth, climate change impacts.
Geocoding
Purpose: To convert addresses into spatial data. Application: Mapping locations of customers or facilities.
Hydrological Analysis
Purpose: To understand water flow and accumulation in a landscape. Application: Flood modeling, watershed management, and pollution tracking.
Hot Spot Analysis
Purpose: To identify statistically significant spatial clusters. Application: Crime mapping, disease outbreak mapping.
Site Suitability Analysis
Purpose: To determine the best location for a particular use. Application: Identifying locations for new facilities or protected areas.
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