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Anatomy of the Eye
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Choroid




Provides oxygen and nutrients to the retina; contains blood vessels.




Optic Disc




Where the optic nerve exits the eye; creates a natural blind spot since it lacks photoreceptors.




Optic Nerve




Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.




Tear Film




Keeps the surface of the eye moist and free from dust, provides nutrients, and aids in light refraction.




Lens




Further refracts light to focus it on the retina; can change shape to adjust focus (accommodation).




Sclera




Provides protection and form to the eye; known as the 'white of the eye'.




Cones




Photoreceptors responsible for color vision and central, high-resolution vision.




Ciliary Body




Changes the shape of the lens for focusing, produces aqueous humor.




Retina




Contains photoreceptor cells that detect light and convert it into electrical signals.




Aqueous Humor




Provides nutrients to the lens and cornea, maintains intraocular pressure.




Extraocular Muscles




Control the movement of the eye and direction of gaze.




Macula




Responsible for central, high-resolution, color vision.




Fovea




The central focal point in the retina, packed with the highest density of cones for sharp vision.




Vitreous Humor




Gel-like substance filling the space between the lens and the retina, helping maintain eye shape.




Pupil




Controls the amount of light entering the eye.




Rods




Photoreceptors responsible for vision at low light levels.




Cornea




Refracts light to help focus it on the retina.




Iris




Muscle that adjusts the size of the pupil.




Zonular Fibers




Suspend the lens and transmit forces from the ciliary muscles to change the lens shape during accommodation.




Tapetum Lucidum




Reflective layer behind the retina that aids in night vision; not present in humans.
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