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Primary organs of the urinary system, filter blood to form urine, and regulate electrolyte balance.

Functional filtration units of the kidneys, each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons.

Funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the renal pyramids and transfers it to the ureters.

Tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder.

The connective tissue covering the kidney, provides protection and maintains kidney shape.

Tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.

A U-shaped tube that extends from the PCT to the DCT, crucial for the concentration of urine.

The apices of the renal pyramids, which release urine into the minor calyces.

A blood vessel that supplies the kidneys with blood from the aorta.

A hollow muscular organ that stores urine before it is excreted.

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Part of the renal tubule between the Loop of Henle and the Collecting Duct, conducts further salt and water reabsorption and secretion.

A network of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron that filters blood plasma.

The final passage of the renal tubule that conducts urine through the renal medulla to the renal pelvis.

The first segment of the renal tubule that reabsorbs nutrients, water, and electrolytes from filtered urine.

A group of specialized cells in the DCT that senses sodium concentration and signals the glomerulus to adjust filtration.

Specialized cells in the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus that secrete renin in response to low blood pressure.

A blood vessel that carries filtered blood away from the kidneys and back to the heart.

The capillary network that serves the loop of Henle, crucial for countercurrent exchange system that concentrates urine.

A structure in each nephron that regulates renal blood flow and filtration pressure.

Outer part of the kidney, contains nephrons for filtration.

The entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys (vessels, nerves, ureter).

Inner part of the kidney, contains the renal pyramids where urine is collected.

Cup-shaped structures that funnel urine from the renal pyramids into the renal pelvis.