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Role in the body: critical for synthesizing coenzyme A which is important in metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. Deficiency diseases: Paresthesia.

Role in the body: maintains bone health by facilitating calcium absorption; supports immune function and cell growth. Deficiency diseases: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.

Role in the body: involved in energy production and red blood cell formation. Deficiency diseases: Ariboflavinosis, including symptoms like sore throat, and skin disorders.

Role in the body: important for DNA repair and metabolism. Deficiency diseases: Pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.

Role in the body: vital for DNA synthesis and repair, cell division, and growth. Deficiency diseases: Megaloblastic anemia, birth defects.

Role in the body: essential for vision, immune function, and skin health. Deficiency diseases: night blindness, immune deficiencies, and skin issues.

Role in the body: key for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell development. Deficiency diseases: Pernicious anemia, neurological disorders.

Role in the body: crucial for blood clotting and bone metabolism. Deficiency diseases: Bleeding disorders, impaired wound healing.

Role in the body: necessary for glucose metabolism and nerve function. Deficiency diseases: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Role in the body: acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage; also important for immune function and skin health. Deficiency diseases: Hemolytic anemia, neurologic problems.

Role in the body: essential for fat and carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation. Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis, hair loss, neurological disorders.

Role in the body: required for amino acid metabolism and red blood cell production. Deficiency diseases: Anemia, peripheral neuropathy.