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Eponymous Medical Signs and Their Meanings

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Grey Turner's Sign

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Bruising of the flank, suggesting retroperitoneal hemorrhage, often associated with pancreatitis.

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Murphy's Punch Sign

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Pain elicited by a gentle tap on the costovertebral angle, indicating pyelonephritis or another renal pathology.

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Homan's Sign

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Pain in the calf upon dorsiflexion of the foot, potentially suggestive of deep vein thrombosis.

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Hamman's Sign

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Crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard over the precordium, indicative of mediastinal emphysema.

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Dupuytren's Contracture

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A fixed flexion contracture of the hand, where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended, associated with fibromatosis of the palmar fascia.

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Brudzinski's Sign

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Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when flexing the neck, indicative of meningitis.

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Chvostek's Sign

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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping the facial nerve, indicative of hypocalcemia.

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Roth's Spots

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Retinal hemorrhages with central pale spots, seen in infective endocarditis.

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Terry's Nails

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Nails that appear white with a characteristic 'ground glass' appearance, without lunula, commonly associated with liver cirrhosis.

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McBurney's Point Tenderness

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Tenderness at a point 2/3 the distance from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine, associated with appendicitis.

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Trousseau's Sign of Latent Tetany

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Carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff, associated with hypocalcemia.

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Schamroth's Window Test

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Obliteration of the diamond-shaped window formed by placing nail beds of the fingers together, indicative of finger clubbing.

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Battle's Sign

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Bruising behind the ear over the mastoid process, indicative of basilar skull fracture.

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Finkelstein's Test

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Pain on the thumb side of the wrist when grasping the thumb and ulnar deviating the hand, indicative of de Quervain's tenosynovitis.

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Blumberg's Sign

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Rebound tenderness upon removal of pressure, indicative of peritonitis.

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Beck's Triad

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A triad of distended neck veins, hypotension, and muffled heart sounds, seen in cardiac tamponade.

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Janeway Lesions

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Non-tender, small erythematous or hemorrhagic macular or nodular lesions on palms or soles, associated with infective endocarditis.

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Babinski Sign

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Extension of the big toe with fanning of the other toes upon stroking the sole of the foot, suggestive of central nervous system lesion affecting the corticospinal tract.

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Rovsing's Sign

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Pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen upon palpation of the left lower quadrant, indicative of appendicitis.

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Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

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Longitudinal mucosal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction or gastric cardia, associated with intense vomiting, leading to bleeding.

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Apgar Score

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A score assigned to newborns at 1 and 5 minutes post-delivery to assess their transition to extrauterine life, includes heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color.

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Cullen's Sign

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Bruising around the umbilicus, indicating intraperitoneal hemorrhage, commonly associated with pancreatitis.

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Adson's Test

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Disappearance of the radial pulse when the head is turned to the ipsilateral side and the patient takes a deep breath, associated with thoracic outlet syndrome.

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Phalen's Maneuver

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Paresthesia in the median nerve distribution within 60 seconds of flexing the wrist, indicative of carpal tunnel syndrome.

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Murphy's Sign

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Pain upon palpation of the right upper quadrant that causes an abrupt stop in inspiration, associated with acute cholecystitis.

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Tinel's Sign

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Tingling sensation in the distal end of a limb when percussion is made over the site of a damaged nerve, suggestive of a regenerating nerve or neuroma.

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Lhermitte's Sign

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Electric shock-like sensations that run down the back and limbs upon flexion of the neck, associated with multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating conditions.

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Kernig's Sign

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Resistance to straightening the knee with the hip flexed due to stiffness, associated with meningitis.

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Homans' Sign

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Discomfort behind the knee on forced dorsiflexion of the foot, used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis.

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Lasègue's Sign

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Pain along the course of the sciatic nerve when the leg is lifted straight, indicative of lumbar nerve root irritation or disc herniation.

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Romberg's Sign

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Loss of balance when closing eyes while standing with feet together, suggestive of proprioceptive sensory loss.

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Kussmaul's Sign

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Paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure on inspiration, seen in constrictive pericarditis.

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Charcot's Triad

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A triad of jaundice, fever, and right upper quadrant pain, associated with cholangitis.

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Osler's Nodes

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Tender subcutaneous nodules usually found on the distal pads of the digits, associated with infective endocarditis.

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