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Components: Sensory receptors in the retina, Afferent nerve fibers (optic nerve), Midbrain centers, Efferent pathways (oculomotor nerve), Effectors in iris muscle. Purpose: To regulate the amount of light entering the eye.

Components: Sensory receptors in quadriceps muscle, Afferent nerve fibers, L2-L4 spinal segment, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in quadriceps muscle. Purpose: To maintain muscle tone and upright posture.

Components: Sensory receptors in triceps muscle, Afferent nerve fibers, C6-C7 spinal segment, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in triceps muscle. Purpose: To assess the function of the radial nerve and C6-C7 nerve roots.

Components: Pain receptors, Afferent nerve fibers, Spinal cord interneurons, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in flexor muscles. Purpose: To quickly remove a body part from a painful stimulus.

Components: Sensory receptors in the vestibular system, Afferent nerve fibers, Brainstem centers, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in arms and legs. Purpose: To help an infant cling to its mother in response to sudden loss of support.

Components: Sensory receptors in the limb, Afferent nerve fibers, Spinal cord interneurons, Efferent nerve fibers, Contralateral limb effectors. Purpose: To provide postural support during withdrawal of a limb from painful stimuli.

Components: Sensory receptors around the mouth, Afferent nerve fibers (trigeminal nerve), Brainstem centers, Efferent nerve fibers (facial nerve), Effectors in muscles around the mouth. Purpose: To aid in breastfeeding by helping the infant locate the nipple.

Components: Sensory receptors in airway, Afferent nerve fibers (vagus nerve), Efferent nerve fibers (tracheal and bronchial muscles), Respiratory center in brainstem. Purpose: To clear the airway of irritants and secretions.

Components: Sensory receptors in nasal mucosa, Afferent nerve fibers (trigeminal nerve), Respiratory centers in the brainstem, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in respiratory muscles. Purpose: To expel irritants from the nasal cavities.

Components: Sensory receptors in the cornea, Afferent nerve fibers (trigeminal nerve), Efferent pathways (facial nerve), Effectors in orbicularis oculi muscle. Purpose: To protect the eyes from foreign bodies and bright light.

Components: Sensory receptors in the gastrocnemius muscle, S1-S2 spinal segment, Afferent nerve fibers, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in calf muscles. Purpose: To maintain posture and balance when standing.

Components: Sensory receptors in biceps muscle, Afferent nerve fibers, C5-C6 spinal segment, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in biceps muscle. Purpose: To help maintain muscle tone.

Components: Sensory receptors in the foot, Afferent nerve fibers, L5-S1 spinal segment, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in foot muscles. Purpose: To test for normal function of the spinal cord and higher brain centers.

Components: Sensory receptors in abdominal skin, Afferent nerve fibers, T8-L1 spinal segment, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in abdominal muscles. Purpose: To assess the integrity and function of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Components: Sensory receptors in the back of the throat, Afferent nerve fibers (glossopharyngeal nerve), Efferent nerve fibers (vagus nerve), Effectors in muscles of throat. Purpose: To prevent choking and aspiration of foreign objects.

Components: Sensory receptors in neck muscles, Proprioceptive nerve fibers, Brainstem centers, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in limb muscles. Purpose: To coordinate limb movements with head position, seen in infants.

Components: Sensory receptors in the mouth, Afferent nerve fibers (trigeminal nerve), Brainstem and hypothalamus, Efferent nerve fibers (facial nerve), Effectors in mouth and throat muscles. Purpose: To initiate and control the act of sucking, critical for infant feeding.

Components: Sensory receptors in the palm, Afferent nerve fibers, Spinal cord segments, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in hand muscles. Purpose: To cause an involuntary grasping motion, observed in infants.

Components: Sensory receptors in soles of feet, Afferent nerve fibers, Spinal cord segments, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors in leg muscles. Purpose: To simulate walking motion, observed in infants.