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Dermatology Terminology
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Melanoma
A serious form of skin cancer arising from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment.
Urticaria
Commonly known as hives, this condition presents as swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin.
Basal cell carcinoma
A type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells. It is often caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds.
Tinea
A fungal infection of the skin, also known as ringworm, characterized by a red scaly rash that may form a ring shape.
Hyperpigmentation
A condition where patches of skin become darker in color than the normal surrounding skin. This darkening occurs when an excess of melanin forms deposits in the skin.
Dermis
The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin characterized by itchiness, redness, and a rash.
Sebum
An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands in the skin. It helps keep the skin moisturized and protected.
Comedone
A type of acne lesion caused by the plugging of the pore by sebum and dead skin cells.
Alopecia
A form of hair loss from the scalp or body. It can be due to various causes including genetics or autoimmune conditions.
Dermabrasion
A procedure that involves the controlled scraping away of the upper layers of the skin with an abrasive device.
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune condition that causes the rapid build-up of skin cells leading to scaling on the skin's surface.
Angioma
A benign tumor derived from blood vessels or lymph vessels. These can appear as red moles, commonly known as cherry angiomas.
Dermatophyte
A type of fungus that causes infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Common infections include athlete's foot and jock itch.
Nevus
A benign skin lesion commonly known as a mole. Nevi are often brown or black and can appear anywhere on the skin.
Acne
A skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells, causing pimples.
Squamous cell carcinoma
A type of skin cancer that begins in squamous cells. It is the second most common form of skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma.
Keratinocyte
A type of cell that makes up a large part of the epidermis, producing keratin, a protein that gives skin its strength and flexibility.
Dermatome
An area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. Dermatomes are clinically important for diagnostics and during surgery.
Eczema
Also known as atopic dermatitis, this is a condition that makes the skin red, inflamed, and itchy. Common in children.
Melanocyte
A skin cell that produces melanin, the pigment responsible for skin's color. Protects against UV radiation damage.
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin that provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
Papule
A small, raised, solid pimple or swelling on the skin, often forming part of an acne outbreak.
Pustule
A small, inflamed, pus-filled, blister-like lesion on the skin, commonly seen in conditions like acne.
Cryotherapy
A treatment that uses extreme cold (often liquid nitrogen) to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.
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