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Dermatology Terminology

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Melanoma

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A serious form of skin cancer arising from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment.

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Urticaria

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Commonly known as hives, this condition presents as swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin.

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Basal cell carcinoma

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A type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells. It is often caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds.

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Tinea

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A fungal infection of the skin, also known as ringworm, characterized by a red scaly rash that may form a ring shape.

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Hyperpigmentation

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A condition where patches of skin become darker in color than the normal surrounding skin. This darkening occurs when an excess of melanin forms deposits in the skin.

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Dermis

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The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.

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Dermatitis

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Inflammation of the skin characterized by itchiness, redness, and a rash.

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Sebum

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An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands in the skin. It helps keep the skin moisturized and protected.

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Comedone

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A type of acne lesion caused by the plugging of the pore by sebum and dead skin cells.

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Alopecia

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A form of hair loss from the scalp or body. It can be due to various causes including genetics or autoimmune conditions.

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Dermabrasion

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A procedure that involves the controlled scraping away of the upper layers of the skin with an abrasive device.

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Psoriasis

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A chronic autoimmune condition that causes the rapid build-up of skin cells leading to scaling on the skin's surface.

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Angioma

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A benign tumor derived from blood vessels or lymph vessels. These can appear as red moles, commonly known as cherry angiomas.

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Dermatophyte

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A type of fungus that causes infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Common infections include athlete's foot and jock itch.

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Nevus

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A benign skin lesion commonly known as a mole. Nevi are often brown or black and can appear anywhere on the skin.

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Acne

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A skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells, causing pimples.

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Squamous cell carcinoma

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A type of skin cancer that begins in squamous cells. It is the second most common form of skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma.

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Keratinocyte

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A type of cell that makes up a large part of the epidermis, producing keratin, a protein that gives skin its strength and flexibility.

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Dermatome

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An area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. Dermatomes are clinically important for diagnostics and during surgery.

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Eczema

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Also known as atopic dermatitis, this is a condition that makes the skin red, inflamed, and itchy. Common in children.

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Melanocyte

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A skin cell that produces melanin, the pigment responsible for skin's color. Protects against UV radiation damage.

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Epidermis

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The outermost layer of skin that provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

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Papule

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A small, raised, solid pimple or swelling on the skin, often forming part of an acne outbreak.

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Pustule

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A small, inflamed, pus-filled, blister-like lesion on the skin, commonly seen in conditions like acne.

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Cryotherapy

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A treatment that uses extreme cold (often liquid nitrogen) to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.

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