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There are two main types of vitiligo: Non-segmental vitiligo, which is the most common type where the patches often appear on both sides of the body, and Segmental vitiligo, which tends to affect only one side of the body and occurs at a younger age.

Vitiligo affects all races and both sexes equally; however, it is more noticeable in people with dark skin. The condition can start at any age, but in about 50% of cases it does so before 20 years of age.

Research on the role of diet in vitiligo is not conclusive. Some believe that a diet rich in antioxidants can help prevent worsening of vitiligo or even contribute to repigmentation, though clinical evidence is limited.

Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins.

Genetic studies have identified several genes associated with vitiligo. These genes are involved in both the immune system and melanocyte function, supporting the idea that vitiligo is an autoimmune condition with a genetic component.

People with vitiligo should protect their skin from the sun using sunscreen with a high SPF to prevent sunburn on the depigmented areas, as these areas lack melanin and are more vulnerable to UV radiation.

Vitiligo commonly affects areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, body folds (such as armpits), previous sites of injury, around moles, or around body openings. It can also affect hair.

The cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but it is believed to be due to genetic susceptibility that is triggered by an environmental factor causing an immune response that destroys melanocytes in the skin.

Treatment options for vitiligo include phototherapy, topical corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors, as well as surgeries such as skin grafting. Cosmetic options like makeup or dyeing skin can also be used to cover patches.