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Pediatric Dermatology

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Fifth Disease

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Symptoms: 'Slapped cheek' rash, mild illness; Causes: Parvovirus B19; Treatment: Symptomatic relief, ibuprofen or acetaminophen for fever

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Acne

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Symptoms: Pimples, blackheads, whiteheads; Causes: Hormonal changes, bacteria; Treatment: Topical creams, oral medications, good skin hygiene

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Molluscum Contagiosum

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Symptoms: Small, flesh-colored bumps; Causes: Poxvirus infection; Treatment: Usually self-resolving, cryotherapy, topical treatments

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Chickenpox

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Symptoms: Itchy, blister-like rash; Causes: Varicella-zoster virus; Treatment: Antiviral medications, calamine lotion, antihistamines

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Impetigo

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Symptoms: Red sores, honey-colored crusts; Causes: Bacterial infection; Treatment: Antibiotics (topical or oral)

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Roseola

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Symptoms: High fever followed by a rash; Causes: Human herpesvirus 6 and sometimes 7; Treatment: Supportive care, fever management

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Ringworm (Tinea)

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Symptoms: Itchy, ring-shaped rash; Causes: Fungal infection; Treatment: Antifungal creams or oral medication

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Warts

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Symptoms: Small, rough skin growths; Causes: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; Treatment: Salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser treatment

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Atopic Dermatitis

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Symptoms: Itchy, red, and dry skin; Causes: Genetic predisposition, immune system dysfunction; Treatment: Moisturizing creams, steroids, and antihistamines

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Diaper Rash

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Symptoms: Red, moist patch on skin; Causes: Prolonged exposure to wet diapers; Treatment: Frequent diaper changes, zinc oxide cream

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Erythema Multiforme

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Symptoms: Target-like lesions, skin peeling; Causes: Reaction to infections or medications; Treatment: Treatment of underlying cause, steroids for inflammation

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Cradle Cap

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Symptoms: Yellowish, scaly patches on scalp; Causes: Overproduction of skin oil (sebum); Treatment: Gentle shampooing, mineral oil, soft brushing

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Hives (Urticaria)

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Symptoms: Red, itchy welts; Causes: Allergic reactions, infections; Treatment: Antihistamines, avoiding allergens

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Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease

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Symptoms: Sores in mouth, rash on hands and feet; Causes: Coxsackievirus infection; Treatment: Symptomatic relief, hydration, pain management

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Kawasaki Disease

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Symptoms: High fever, rash, swollen hands and feet; Causes: Unknown, possibly triggered by infections; Treatment: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin

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