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Pediatric Dermatology
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Fifth Disease
Symptoms: 'Slapped cheek' rash, mild illness; Causes: Parvovirus B19; Treatment: Symptomatic relief, ibuprofen or acetaminophen for fever
Acne
Symptoms: Pimples, blackheads, whiteheads; Causes: Hormonal changes, bacteria; Treatment: Topical creams, oral medications, good skin hygiene
Molluscum Contagiosum
Symptoms: Small, flesh-colored bumps; Causes: Poxvirus infection; Treatment: Usually self-resolving, cryotherapy, topical treatments
Chickenpox
Symptoms: Itchy, blister-like rash; Causes: Varicella-zoster virus; Treatment: Antiviral medications, calamine lotion, antihistamines
Impetigo
Symptoms: Red sores, honey-colored crusts; Causes: Bacterial infection; Treatment: Antibiotics (topical or oral)
Roseola
Symptoms: High fever followed by a rash; Causes: Human herpesvirus 6 and sometimes 7; Treatment: Supportive care, fever management
Ringworm (Tinea)
Symptoms: Itchy, ring-shaped rash; Causes: Fungal infection; Treatment: Antifungal creams or oral medication
Warts
Symptoms: Small, rough skin growths; Causes: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; Treatment: Salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser treatment
Atopic Dermatitis
Symptoms: Itchy, red, and dry skin; Causes: Genetic predisposition, immune system dysfunction; Treatment: Moisturizing creams, steroids, and antihistamines
Diaper Rash
Symptoms: Red, moist patch on skin; Causes: Prolonged exposure to wet diapers; Treatment: Frequent diaper changes, zinc oxide cream
Erythema Multiforme
Symptoms: Target-like lesions, skin peeling; Causes: Reaction to infections or medications; Treatment: Treatment of underlying cause, steroids for inflammation
Cradle Cap
Symptoms: Yellowish, scaly patches on scalp; Causes: Overproduction of skin oil (sebum); Treatment: Gentle shampooing, mineral oil, soft brushing
Hives (Urticaria)
Symptoms: Red, itchy welts; Causes: Allergic reactions, infections; Treatment: Antihistamines, avoiding allergens
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Symptoms: Sores in mouth, rash on hands and feet; Causes: Coxsackievirus infection; Treatment: Symptomatic relief, hydration, pain management
Kawasaki Disease
Symptoms: High fever, rash, swollen hands and feet; Causes: Unknown, possibly triggered by infections; Treatment: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin
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