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Skin Lesion Types
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Plaque
A raised, flat-topped lesion usually greater than 1 cm in diameter that may be the result of coalescing papules. Example conditions: Psoriasis, eczema, and lichen planus.
Crust
A dried accumulation of serum, pus, or blood that can appear on the skin's surface. It's often the result of a burst pustule or vesicle. Example conditions: Impetigo, scabs on abrasions, and eczema.
Patch
A flat, nonpalpable irregularity of the skin larger than 1 cm. They often result from the same causes as macules. Example conditions: Vitiligo, port-wine stains, and melasma.
Macule
A flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin. Example conditions: Freckles, flat moles (nevi), petechiae, measles, and vitiligo.
Tumor
A large mass of tissue that can be palpable and visible. It represents abnormal enlargement and doesn't necessarily mean malignancy. Example conditions: Neoplastic lesions, benign tumors like lipomas, and malignant tumors like carcinoma.
Vesicle
A small fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm in diameter. It is a blister-like elevation of the skin containing serous fluid. Example conditions: Herpes simplex, chickenpox, and contact dermatitis.
Ulcer
A deep loss of skin surface that may extend to the dermis and frequently bleeds and scars. It is often due to poor circulation or prolonged pressure. Example conditions: Venous ulcers, pressure sores, and diabetic ulcers.
Fissure
A linear crack in the skin that can extend into the dermis. It can be painful and is often due to dryness or mechanical stress on the skin. Example conditions: Athlete's foot, cheilosis, and anal fissures.
Bulla
A fluid-filled lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter. Like a vesicle but larger; it's a blister that contains serous fluid. Example conditions: Bullous pemphigoid, blistering sunburns, and drug reactions.
Pustule
A small elevation of the skin containing pus. It is often infected and can arise on top of a papule or independently. Example conditions: Acne, folliculitis, and impetigo.
Wheal
A transient, raised, red or pale area on the skin that may be accompanied by itching. It usually indicates an allergic reaction. Example conditions: Hives (urticaria), insect bites and allergic reactions.
Excoriation
A scratch or abrasion of the skin resulting in the removal of the outer layer. It can be self-inflicted or due to other causes. Example conditions: Dermatitis, scabies, and prurigo.
Papule
A small, raised, solid pimple or swelling, often forming part of a rash and typically less than 1 cm in diameter, not producing pus. Example conditions: Warts, dermatitis, and insect bites.
Nodule
A larger and deeper lesion than a papule. It is solid and can be palpable and detectable by touch, often extending into the deeper layers of the skin. Example conditions: Cysts, lipomas, and melanoma.
Scale
A flake of dead epidermal skin that can be loose or adherent. It's often whitish and indicates excessive keratin production. Example conditions: Psoriasis, ichthyosis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
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