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Anxiety Disorders

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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Symptoms: Persistent worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating. Causes: Genetic factors, brain chemistry, life events. Treatments: CBT, medication (antidepressants), relaxation techniques.

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Panic Disorder

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Symptoms: Recurrent panic attacks, intense fear, palpitations. Causes: Genetics, stress, changes in brain function. Treatments: Psychotherapy, medications, meditation.

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Social Anxiety Disorder

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Symptoms: High levels of anxiety in social situations, avoidance of social interaction. Causes: Social experiences, inherited traits, brain structure. Treatments: Psychotherapy, SSRIs, practicing social skills.

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Specific Phobias

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Symptoms: Excessive fear of a specific object or situation, avoidance. Causes: Traumatic experiences, learned responses, genetics. Treatments: Exposure therapy, CBT, sometimes medication.

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Agoraphobia

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Symptoms: Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult. Causes: Panic disorder, traumatic events, heredity. Treatments: Exposure therapy, CBT, SSRIs.

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Selective Mutism

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Symptoms: Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations. Causes: Extreme social anxiety, family history, environmental factors. Treatments: Psychotherapy, CBT, speech therapy.

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Separation Anxiety Disorder

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Symptoms: Excessive fear or anxiety about separation from home or an attachment figure. Causes: Life transitions, stressful events, genetics. Treatments: Psychotherapy, sometimes medication, family therapy.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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Symptoms: Compulsions and obsessions that are time-consuming. Causes: Biological factors, family history, life events. Treatments: Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), SSRIs, deep brain stimulation in severe cases.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

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Symptoms: Flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, uncontrollable thoughts about a traumatic event. Causes: Traumatic experiences, genetics, personal factors. Treatments: Psychotherapy (CBT, EMDR), medications, support groups.

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Acute Stress Disorder

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Symptoms: Similar to PTSD but occurs shortly after the trauma and lasts for a shorter period. Causes: Witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Treatments: Cognitive behavioral therapy, sometimes medication, psychological first aid.

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

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Symptoms: Preoccupation with one or more perceived flaws in physical appearance. Causes: Malfunctioning neurotransmitters, genetics, societal pressure or teasing. Treatments: CBT, SSRIs, and sometimes surgery as a last resort.

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Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

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Symptoms: Repeatedly pulling out one’s hair, resulting in hair loss. Causes: Genetics, stress, changes in nervous system. Treatments: Habit reversal training, CBT, medications such as SSRIs.

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Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

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Symptoms: Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions. Causes: Genetics, other psychiatric conditions, stress or anxiety. Treatments: CBT, habit reversal training, sometimes SSRIs.

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Health Anxiety (Hypochondriasis)

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Symptoms: Excessive worry about having a serious illness. Causes: Poor understanding of body and health, past experiences, family history. Treatments: CBT, SSRIs, sometimes reassurance and education about health.

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Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder

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Symptoms: Anxiety due to substance use or withdrawal. Causes: Drug use (prescription, over-the-counter, illicit), withdrawal from drugs. Treatments: Substance abuse treatment, withdrawal management, therapy for anxiety.

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Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

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Symptoms: Anxiety is directly attributed to a physical health problem. Causes: Endocrine disorders, cardiac problems, respiratory issues. Treatments: Treating underlying medical condition, anxiety-specific treatments if needed.

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Anxiety Disorder Unspecified

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Symptoms: Anxiety symptoms that don't meet the full criteria for other anxiety disorders. Causes: Varying and often undetermined. Treatments: Depending on individual symptoms, a range of therapy and medications may be used.

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Risk Factors of Anxiety Disorders

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Childhood adversity, genetics, personality traits. Treatments: Not applicable; instead, focus on prevention and early intervention.

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Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Biological differences, gender roles, socialization. Treatments: Not applicable; however, treatment may be tailored to gender-specific needs.

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Comorbidity with Other Psychiatric Disorders

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Shared risk factors, similar neurobiological features, stress-related vulnerabilities. Treatments: Integrated therapy addressing both anxiety and comorbid conditions, adjusted medication regimens.

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Impact of Anxiety Disorders on Quality of Life

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Impact caused by anxiety symptoms such as social withdrawal, performance issues. Treatments: Not specific; focusing on symptom reduction can improve life quality.

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Cultural Considerations in Anxiety Disorders

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Cultural interpretations of anxiety symptoms, cultural stressors. Treatments: Culturally sensitive psychotherapy, inclusion of cultural practices and beliefs.

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Role of Exercise in Managing Anxiety Disorders

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Not applicable. Treatments: Regular exercise can reduce symptoms of anxiety through neurochemical and endorphin release.

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Technological Interventions for Anxiety (e.g., apps, online therapy)

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Not applicable. Treatments: Digital CBT, stress management apps, virtual reality exposure therapy.

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Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Anxiety

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Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Not applicable. Treatments: Balanced diet may help regulate mood, identification and elimination of trigger foods, possible use of dietary supplements after consulting with healthcare providers.

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