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Anxiety Disorders
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Symptoms: Persistent worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating. Causes: Genetic factors, brain chemistry, life events. Treatments: CBT, medication (antidepressants), relaxation techniques.
Cultural Considerations in Anxiety Disorders
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Cultural interpretations of anxiety symptoms, cultural stressors. Treatments: Culturally sensitive psychotherapy, inclusion of cultural practices and beliefs.
Acute Stress Disorder
Symptoms: Similar to PTSD but occurs shortly after the trauma and lasts for a shorter period. Causes: Witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Treatments: Cognitive behavioral therapy, sometimes medication, psychological first aid.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms: Excessive fear or anxiety about separation from home or an attachment figure. Causes: Life transitions, stressful events, genetics. Treatments: Psychotherapy, sometimes medication, family therapy.
Specific Phobias
Symptoms: Excessive fear of a specific object or situation, avoidance. Causes: Traumatic experiences, learned responses, genetics. Treatments: Exposure therapy, CBT, sometimes medication.
Agoraphobia
Symptoms: Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult. Causes: Panic disorder, traumatic events, heredity. Treatments: Exposure therapy, CBT, SSRIs.
Panic Disorder
Symptoms: Recurrent panic attacks, intense fear, palpitations. Causes: Genetics, stress, changes in brain function. Treatments: Psychotherapy, medications, meditation.
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
Symptoms: Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions. Causes: Genetics, other psychiatric conditions, stress or anxiety. Treatments: CBT, habit reversal training, sometimes SSRIs.
Anxiety Disorder Unspecified
Symptoms: Anxiety symptoms that don't meet the full criteria for other anxiety disorders. Causes: Varying and often undetermined. Treatments: Depending on individual symptoms, a range of therapy and medications may be used.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Symptoms: Compulsions and obsessions that are time-consuming. Causes: Biological factors, family history, life events. Treatments: Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), SSRIs, deep brain stimulation in severe cases.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Symptoms: Flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, uncontrollable thoughts about a traumatic event. Causes: Traumatic experiences, genetics, personal factors. Treatments: Psychotherapy (CBT, EMDR), medications, support groups.
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms: Anxiety due to substance use or withdrawal. Causes: Drug use (prescription, over-the-counter, illicit), withdrawal from drugs. Treatments: Substance abuse treatment, withdrawal management, therapy for anxiety.
Risk Factors of Anxiety Disorders
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Childhood adversity, genetics, personality traits. Treatments: Not applicable; instead, focus on prevention and early intervention.
Comorbidity with Other Psychiatric Disorders
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Shared risk factors, similar neurobiological features, stress-related vulnerabilities. Treatments: Integrated therapy addressing both anxiety and comorbid conditions, adjusted medication regimens.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Symptoms: Preoccupation with one or more perceived flaws in physical appearance. Causes: Malfunctioning neurotransmitters, genetics, societal pressure or teasing. Treatments: CBT, SSRIs, and sometimes surgery as a last resort.
Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Symptoms: Anxiety is directly attributed to a physical health problem. Causes: Endocrine disorders, cardiac problems, respiratory issues. Treatments: Treating underlying medical condition, anxiety-specific treatments if needed.
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
Symptoms: Repeatedly pulling out one’s hair, resulting in hair loss. Causes: Genetics, stress, changes in nervous system. Treatments: Habit reversal training, CBT, medications such as SSRIs.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms: High levels of anxiety in social situations, avoidance of social interaction. Causes: Social experiences, inherited traits, brain structure. Treatments: Psychotherapy, SSRIs, practicing social skills.
Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Biological differences, gender roles, socialization. Treatments: Not applicable; however, treatment may be tailored to gender-specific needs.
Role of Exercise in Managing Anxiety Disorders
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Not applicable. Treatments: Regular exercise can reduce symptoms of anxiety through neurochemical and endorphin release.
Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Anxiety
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Not applicable. Treatments: Balanced diet may help regulate mood, identification and elimination of trigger foods, possible use of dietary supplements after consulting with healthcare providers.
Impact of Anxiety Disorders on Quality of Life
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Impact caused by anxiety symptoms such as social withdrawal, performance issues. Treatments: Not specific; focusing on symptom reduction can improve life quality.
Selective Mutism
Symptoms: Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations. Causes: Extreme social anxiety, family history, environmental factors. Treatments: Psychotherapy, CBT, speech therapy.
Health Anxiety (Hypochondriasis)
Symptoms: Excessive worry about having a serious illness. Causes: Poor understanding of body and health, past experiences, family history. Treatments: CBT, SSRIs, sometimes reassurance and education about health.
Technological Interventions for Anxiety (e.g., apps, online therapy)
Symptoms: Not applicable. Causes: Not applicable. Treatments: Digital CBT, stress management apps, virtual reality exposure therapy.
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