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A perspective in psychoanalysis that places importance on relationships during infancy and the unconscious images of people (or objects) formed as part of one's early environment and experience. Founder: Melanie Klein and others.

A book by Sigmund Freud which introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation and also first discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus Complex.

A method in psychoanalysis for interpreting the content of dreams to uncover the unconscious thoughts of the dreamer. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

An essay where Freud compared the complex grieving process of mourning to the pathological state of melancholia (similar to depression). Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A concept introduced by Freud to describe the death instinct, which compels humans to engage in risky and destructive behaviors that could lead to death. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A defense mechanism that involves unconsciously preventing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or urges from reaching conscious awareness. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A defense mechanism that involves refusing to accept reality or facts, basically pretending a painful event, thought or feeling did not exist. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

An unpleasant state that is experienced as the result of perceived dangers or threats; in psychoanalytic theory, it serves as a signal that the ego is being threatened by unconscious material or by fears of external events. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A concept in psychoanalytic theory where an individual becomes stuck at a particular point of development due to excessively stringent or overly gratifying experiences during a psychosexual stage. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A psychological defense mechanism where the subject replicates in themselves behaviors, attributes, or other fragments of the surrounding world, especially of other people. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A theory in psychoanalytic theory that describes a child's feelings of desire for their opposite-sex parent and jealousy and rivalry with their same-sex parent. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A defense mechanism that involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives to another person. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

The three parts of the psychic apparatus defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche; the id is responsible for basic instincts, the ego for reality, and the superego for morality.

The theory that all mental processes are not spontaneous but are determined by the unconscious or preexisting mental complexes. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A branch of psychoanalysis that emphasizes the relational and social contexts of mental health and illness, and the importance of relationships in psychological development. Founder: Harry Stack Sullivan.

A defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, redirecting emotions from a 'dangerous' object to a 'safe' one. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

The process of releasing and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. Originally used in psychoanalysis to describe the act of expressing or airing out emotional conflicts. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

Refers to the psychoanalytic theory of the fixation of libido or sexual energy upon the self. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another. In psychoanalysis, it refers to a client's projection of past feelings onto the analyst. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

Freud's concepts of the death drive (Thanatos) and the life drive (Eros). Thanatos drives destructive behaviors, and Eros encompasses the instinct for survival, propagation, sex, and other creative, life-producing drives.

A psychoanalytic therapy technique used to explore the unconscious by having patients describe whatever comes into their minds. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A defense mechanism that involves a temporary or long-term reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development to cope with current stressors or emotions. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

The driving force of the id that seeks immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state of anxiety or tension. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A term used by Freud to describe the life instinct, which drives behaviors focused on survival, growth, creativity, and other forms of positive or constructive tendencies. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

The operation of the ego that considers social realities and norms, etiquette, and rules in deciding how to behave. It navigates between the id's wants and the super ego's prohibitions. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

Psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality in order to defend against feelings of anxiety and unacceptable impulses. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

The psychoanalyst's emotional entanglement with the client, involving their own unconscious feelings being projected onto the client. Founder: Sigmund Freud.

A defense mechanism leading to the temporary or long-term reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult manner. Founder: Sigmund Freud.