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Geriatric Psychiatry
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Vascular Dementia
Symptoms include impaired judgment, difficulty planning, and slowed thinking. Treatment approaches involve managing underlying cardiovascular issues and cognitive rehabilitation.
Alzheimer's Disease
Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, and trouble with problem-solving. Treatment approaches include cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and supportive care.
Dyssomnia in the Elderly
Symptoms include difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or excessive sleepiness. Treatment approaches include sleep hygiene, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medications if necessary.
Bipolar Disorder in the Elderly
Symptoms include episodes of mania and depression, changes in energy levels, and impaired judgment. Treatment approaches include mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and psychotherapy.
Personality Disorders in the Elderly
Symptoms include rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking and behavior. Treatment approaches include psychotherapy, and sometimes medications for co-occurring disorders.
Frontotemporal Dementia
Symptoms include changes in behavior and personality, language difficulties, and motor symptoms. Treatment approaches include managing symptoms and providing support and education to the family.
Delirium
Symptoms include rapid onset of confusion, disorientation, and changes in consciousness. Treatment approaches include identifying and addressing the underlying cause, ensuring a safe environment, and antipsychotic medications if needed.
Psychotic Disorders in the Elderly
Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking. Treatment approaches include antipsychotic medications with careful monitoring, psychotherapy, and support.
Late-life Anxiety Disorders
Symptoms include excessive worry, restlessness, and muscle tension. Treatment approaches include psychotherapy, medication (SSRIs, benzodiazepines), and stress management techniques.
Parkinson's Disease Dementia
Symptoms include memory deficits, slowed thinking, and visual hallucinations. Treatment approaches include medications for Parkinson's symptoms and cholinesterase inhibitors for cognitive deficits.
Hoarding Disorder in the Elderly
Symptoms include persistent difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter that disrupts living spaces. Treatment approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy and sometimes medications for co-occurring anxiety or depression.
Eating Disorders in the Elderly
Symptoms include preoccupation with weight, food, and body shape, possibly leading to dangerous eating behaviors. Treatment approaches include nutritional rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and sometimes medication.
Schizophrenia in the Elderly
Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Treatment approaches include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and social support.
Somatic Symptom Disorder in the Elderly
Symptoms include excessive concern about physical symptoms that may not have a medical explanation. Treatment approaches include psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy, and stress-reduction techniques.
Cognitive Impairment due to Chronic Medical Conditions
Symptoms include problems with memory, attention, and problem-solving. Treatment approaches involve managing the medical condition and cognitive rehabilitation.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Elderly
Symptoms include persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions). Treatment approaches include SSRIs, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and habit reversal training.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Elderly
Symptoms include flashbacks, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and increased anxiety. Treatment approaches include psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, and medication.
Lewy Body Dementia
Symptoms include fluctuating cognitive abilities, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian motor symptoms. Treatment approaches include cholinesterase inhibitors and antiparkinsonian medications.
Sleep Apnea in the Elderly
Symptoms include loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Treatment approaches include CPAP machines, lifestyle changes, and potential surgical options.
Adjustment Disorder in the Elderly
Symptoms include emotional and behavioral reactions to significant life changes or stressors. Treatment approaches include short-term psychotherapy and stress-management techniques.
Insomnia in the Elderly
Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep and not feeling rested. Treatment approaches include sleep hygiene education, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and medication.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Symptoms include difficulty walking, bladder control problems, and cognitive decline. Treatment approaches include surgical insertion of a shunt to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid.
Substance Abuse in the Elderly
Symptoms include secretive behavior related to substance use, cognitive decline, and changes in social behavior. Treatment approaches include detoxification, support groups, and therapy.
Depression in the Elderly
Symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and changes in appetite. Treatment approaches include antidepressants, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modifications.
Age-Associated Memory Impairment
Symptoms include mild forgetfulness and slowed processing speed that do not interfere significantly with daily life. Treatment approaches include cognitive training, healthy lifestyle choices, and occasionally medication for other underlying health issues.
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