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Suggested mental disorders could be treated like any other diseases, emphasizing natural causes and balancing bodily humors.

Expansion of the range of medications available for psychiatric conditions, significantly altering treatment in the latter half of the 20th century.

Introduced a new approach to understanding and treating mental disorders focused on the unconscious mind, dreams, and individual history.

Transformed the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses, allowing many patients to live in the community rather than institutions.

The release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which provides standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.

Mental illnesses were often viewed as supernatural or divine punishment, leading to treatments like exorcisms.

A controversial surgical procedure used in the 20th century to treat mental illness by severing connections in the brain's prefrontal lobe.

The study of the genetic contribution to psychiatric conditions, which has grown with the advent of molecular genetics and genome-wide association studies.

Founded in 1247, it was one of the oldest mental institutions where inhumane conditions and treatment of patients were later exposed.

A pioneer of humane treatment for the mentally ill in the late 18th century, he advocated for compassion and respect for the dignity of patients.

Legislation passed in the United States that led to deinstitutionalization and the creation of community mental health centers.

The process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services.

A psycho-social intervention aiming to improve mental health, which focuses on changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors.

A 19th-century activist who significantly changed the way mentally ill people were treated and institutionalized in the United States.

An interdisciplinary model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors.

A psychiatric treatment where seizures are electrically induced to provide relief from mental disorders.

Marked the beginning of modern psychopharmacology and revolutionized the treatment of psychosis.

A psychological perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization.

Began as psychoanalytic approaches and evolved into various other forms, emphasizing dialogues between therapist and patient.