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Pioneer in psychosomatic medicine and the study of the influence of emotions on bodily functions.

Contributed to the development of psychoanalysis, focused on the stages of psychosexual development.

Challenged conventional psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, and saw mental illness as a result of societal issues.

Founded Interpersonal Psychiatry, believed personality is formed by interaction with others.

Developed Object Relations theory and pioneered techniques in psychoanalyzing children.

Extended Freud's work into child psychoanalysis and pioneered the field of ego psychology.

Known for his work on character structure and the concept of 'body armor'. Developed Orgonomy.

Challenged Freud's theories on female psychology, introduced the concept of neurotic needs.

Founder of Psychoanalysis, developed theories of the unconscious mind and defense mechanisms.

Introduced the idea of the 'Good Enough Mother' and the concept of the 'True Self' and 'False Self'.

Developed the Theory of Psychosocial Development with eight stages from infancy to adulthood.

Coined the term 'schizophrenia' and broke from traditional thought on the nature of mental illness.

Focused on will therapy and believed that the fear of life and death shapes personality.

Introduced the concept of the Inferiority Complex and stressed the importance of social interest.