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Founder of Psychoanalysis, developed theories of the unconscious mind and defense mechanisms.

Developed Analytical Psychology, proposed the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes.

Introduced the concept of the Inferiority Complex and stressed the importance of social interest.

Developed Object Relations theory and pioneered techniques in psychoanalyzing children.

Introduced the idea of the 'Good Enough Mother' and the concept of the 'True Self' and 'False Self'.

Extended Freud's work into child psychoanalysis and pioneered the field of ego psychology.

Known for his work on character structure and the concept of 'body armor'. Developed Orgonomy.

Challenged Freud's theories on female psychology, introduced the concept of neurotic needs.

Founded Interpersonal Psychiatry, believed personality is formed by interaction with others.

Developed the Theory of Psychosocial Development with eight stages from infancy to adulthood.

Focused on will therapy and believed that the fear of life and death shapes personality.

Pioneer in psychosomatic medicine and the study of the influence of emotions on bodily functions.

Contributed to the development of psychoanalysis, focused on the stages of psychosexual development.

Coined the term 'schizophrenia' and broke from traditional thought on the nature of mental illness.