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Digital Audio Terms
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Reverb
A time-based audio effect that simulates the reflections of sounds off of surfaces in a space, creating a sense of environment or space.
Quantization
In digital audio, it refers to the process of transforming continuous range of values into a finite range of discreet steps, often to correct timing errors.
Sample Rate
The number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in Hertz. It determines the frequency range of the audio recording.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices.
Bit Depth
The number of bits of information in each audio sample, which affects the audio resolution and the dynamic range.
VST
Virtual Studio Technology, an interface standard for connecting audio synthesizer and effect plugins with audio editors and recording systems.
Compression
In digital audio, the process of reducing the volume range of a signal, decreasing the level of loud sounds or amplifying quiet parts, making the entire signal more even.
DAW
Digital Audio Workstation, a software platform used for recording, editing, mixing, and producing audio files.
Equalization
The process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal. In digital audio, it is commonly achieved by using software filters.
ASIO
Audio Stream Input/Output, a computer sound card driver protocol for digital audio providing a low-latency and high fidelity interface between a software application and a computer's sound card.
Clipping
A form of waveform distortion that occurs when an amplifier is overdriven and attempts to deliver an output voltage or current beyond its maximum capability.
Noise Gate
An electronic device or software that is used to control the volume of an audio signal. It silences a signal once it falls below a specified threshold.
FFT
Fast Fourier Transform, an algorithm to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a sequence, or its inverse. It converts a signal from its original domain (time or space) to a representation in the frequency domain and vice versa.
AD/DA Conversion
Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion, the process of converting analog signals into digital signals and back again for processing and playback, respectively.
Phase
The position of a point in time on a waveform cycle, an important concept in the synchronization of audio signals.
Amplitude
The magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with each oscillation within an audio wave, determines loudness.
Aliasing
An effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable or aliases of one another when sampled, usually combated with anti-aliasing filters.
Limiter
An audio processing tool that restricts the maximum level of a signal, ensuring that it does not exceed a specified level, to prevent clipping and distortion.
Dynamic Range
The ratio between the largest and smallest values that a certain quantity can assume. In digital audio, it's often the difference between the loudest and quietest parts of the audio.
Latency
The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer, in digital audio it is the time delay between the input and output.
Nyquist Frequency
Half of the sampling rate of a digital recording, above which aliasing can occur.
Dither
The addition of low-level noise to a digital audio signal in order to mask quantization error when reducing the bit depth of that signal.
Transient
A high amplitude, short-duration sound at the beginning of a waveform that occurs in phenomena such as musical sounds, noises or speech.
WAV
Waveform Audio File Format, a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs.
Filter
A process or device that removes or attenuates certain frequencies from an audio signal, allowing others to pass.
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