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Microphone Types and Patterns
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Dynamic Microphone
Robust, handles high SPLs, less sensitive and detailed, good for live vocals and instruments.
Condenser Microphone
Sensitive, detailed, requires phantom power, ideal for studio vocals and acoustic instruments.
Ribbon Microphone
Delicate, warm sound, bidirectional, good for miking electric guitar amps and brass instruments.
Cardioid Polar Pattern
Unidirectional, rejects sound from the back, prone to proximity effect, good for isolating sources.
Supercardioid Polar Pattern
Tighter front pickup than cardioid, some rear pickup, less susceptible to feedback, used for noisy environments.
Hypercardioid Polar Pattern
Even tighter front pickup than supercardioid, more rear pickup, good for high isolation and stage use.
Omnidirectional Polar Pattern
Picks up sound from all directions, no proximity effect, used for natural sound recording and in lavalier mics.
Figure-8 Polar Pattern
Bidirectional, picks up from front and back, rejects sides, useful for duet vocals or cross-miking.
Shotgun Microphone
Highly directional, used to capture sound from a distance, ideal for film and field recording.
Boundary Microphone
Placed on surfaces, captures sound in a hemispherical pattern, used for theater and conference rooms.
Bass Microphone
Specifically tailored for low frequencies, ideal for kick drums and bass guitar cabinets.
USB Microphone
Direct digital connection to computers, used for podcasting and home recording, convenient but less professional quality.
Multi-Pattern Microphone
Offers selectable polar patterns, versatile for various recording situations, utilized in studio environments.
Tube Microphone
Contains vacuum tubes, provides warm vintage sound, used in high-end studio recordings for vocals and acoustic instruments.
Lavalier Microphone
Small, clip-on, used for television, theater, and public speaking, provides unobtrusive miking.
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