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Fundamentals of MIDI
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Aftertouch
A MIDI control signal that is generated by pressing down on the keys after they have been struck and held, which can control various modulations and sound dynamics.
MIDI Channel
One of sixteen virtual pathways over which MIDI devices can communicate, allowing for multiple devices or instruments to be controlled independently.
MIDI Sequencer
Hardware or software that records, edits, and plays back MIDI data in a sequence which can control MIDI-enabled instruments and devices.
Note On/Note Off
MIDI messages that indicate the start and end of a note being played, including information about the note's pitch and velocity.
Program Change
A MIDI message that allows the user to change the program or patch, affecting the sound or instrument being used by a MIDI device.
MIDI Interface
A device that enables communication between a computer's USB port and MIDI devices, supplying MIDI In and Out ports for connecting external MIDI gear.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface, and connectors for connecting various electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing and recording music.
Control Change
A MIDI message used to indicate a change in a parameter value on a MIDI-compatible device, such as modulation or volume.
MIDI Time Code (MTC)
A protocol to synchronize audio and video equipment with MIDI equipment and uses absolute time in hours, minutes, seconds, and frames.
Pitch Bend
A MIDI message that alters the pitch of a note enabling smooth transitions in pitch, similar to bending a string on a guitar.
Velocity
A MIDI message parameter that determines the strength or speed with which a note is played, which often translates to volume or timbre changes in the sound.
MIDI Sync
A set of MIDI messages that allows synchronization of tempo, timing, and beats across different MIDI devices, commonly used in live performance setups to maintain alignment.
MIDI Controller
A device that generates MIDI data based on user actions, such as keyboard keys or pads being pressed, and does not produce sound by itself.
MIDI Message
The piece of digital information that is sent from one MIDI device to another, dictating an element of the performance like note on/off, pitch, and control changes.
General MIDI (GM)
A standard for synthesizers that ensures consistent playback quality of MIDI files, specifying a standard set of sounds and their associated program numbers.
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