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Fundamentals of MIDI

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Aftertouch

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A MIDI control signal that is generated by pressing down on the keys after they have been struck and held, which can control various modulations and sound dynamics.

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MIDI Channel

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One of sixteen virtual pathways over which MIDI devices can communicate, allowing for multiple devices or instruments to be controlled independently.

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MIDI Sequencer

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Hardware or software that records, edits, and plays back MIDI data in a sequence which can control MIDI-enabled instruments and devices.

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Note On/Note Off

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MIDI messages that indicate the start and end of a note being played, including information about the note's pitch and velocity.

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Program Change

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A MIDI message that allows the user to change the program or patch, affecting the sound or instrument being used by a MIDI device.

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MIDI Interface

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A device that enables communication between a computer's USB port and MIDI devices, supplying MIDI In and Out ports for connecting external MIDI gear.

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MIDI

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Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface, and connectors for connecting various electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing and recording music.

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Control Change

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A MIDI message used to indicate a change in a parameter value on a MIDI-compatible device, such as modulation or volume.

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MIDI Time Code (MTC)

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A protocol to synchronize audio and video equipment with MIDI equipment and uses absolute time in hours, minutes, seconds, and frames.

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Pitch Bend

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A MIDI message that alters the pitch of a note enabling smooth transitions in pitch, similar to bending a string on a guitar.

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Velocity

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A MIDI message parameter that determines the strength or speed with which a note is played, which often translates to volume or timbre changes in the sound.

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MIDI Sync

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A set of MIDI messages that allows synchronization of tempo, timing, and beats across different MIDI devices, commonly used in live performance setups to maintain alignment.

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MIDI Controller

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A device that generates MIDI data based on user actions, such as keyboard keys or pads being pressed, and does not produce sound by itself.

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MIDI Message

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The piece of digital information that is sent from one MIDI device to another, dictating an element of the performance like note on/off, pitch, and control changes.

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General MIDI (GM)

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A standard for synthesizers that ensures consistent playback quality of MIDI files, specifying a standard set of sounds and their associated program numbers.

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