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Fundamentals of Equalization

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Cut

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Reducing the level of a certain frequency range to clean up the sound or to make space for other instruments in the mix.

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Upper Midrange (2kHz - 4kHz)

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Boosting enhances presence and clarity, especially for vocals and snare drums. Useful for bringing a sound forward in the mix.

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Bass (60Hz - 250Hz)

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Boosting can warm up vocals and thicken bass instruments. Cutting helps to reduce boominess and mud.

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Low Pass Filter

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Allows frequencies below the set point to pass through. Softens overall harshness and can create a vintage or ambient effect by removing high frequencies.

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Midrange (500Hz - 2kHz)

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Boosting this range can result in a horn-like quality, important for vocal clarity. Cutting can remove cardboard-like quality and reduce listener fatigue.

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Sub-Bass (20Hz - 60Hz)

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Boosting can increase the sense of power for low-end elements like kick drums and bass synths. Too much boost might make the mix sound boomy.

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Brilliance (6kHz - 20kHz)

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Boosting adds airiness and opens up the high end. Too much can introduce sibilance or hiss.

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High Pass Filter

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Allows frequencies above the set point to pass through, removing low-end rumble and freeing up headroom. Commonly used on vocals and high-pitched instruments.

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Band Pass Filter

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Allows a specific range of frequencies to pass while cutting the frequencies below and above. Used for sound design and frequency isolation.

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Shelf EQ (High/Low)

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Boosts or cuts all frequencies above or below a chosen frequency. High shelf is often used to add brightness, and low shelf to add warmth or reduce boominess.

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Boost

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Increasing the level of a certain frequency range to enhance particular characteristics of a sound or instrument.

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Q Factor

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Refers to the width of the EQ band being affected. A higher Q (narrower band) affects a smaller range of frequencies, while a lower Q (wider band) affects a larger range.

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Low-Midrange (250Hz - 500Hz)

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Contains the lower order harmonics of most instruments, can add body to vocals and depth to guitars. Too much can make the sound boxy.

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Notch Filter

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A very narrow cut used to remove specific, problematic frequencies such as hums or whistles.

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Presence (4kHz - 6kHz)

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Boosting increases the sense of presence and definition; helps in speech intelligibility. Cutting can prevent a sound from becoming too piercing or harsh.

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