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Social Movements and Change

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LGBT Rights Movement

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Goals: Achieve equal rights and societal acceptance for LGBT individuals. Achievements: Decriminalization of homosexuality, marriage equality. Prominent Activists: Harvey Milk, Marsha P. Johnson, Edith Windsor.

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Environmental Movement

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Goals: Protection and improvement of the environment. Achievements: Establishment of Earth Day, environmental protection laws. Prominent Activists: Rachel Carson, Greta Thunberg, Wangari Maathai.

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Civil Rights Movement

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Goals: End racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Achievements: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965. Prominent Activists: Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X.

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Women's Suffrage Movement

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Goals: Obtain voting rights for women. Achievements: The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Prominent Activists: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Emmeline Pankhurst.

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Anti-Apartheid Movement

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Goals: End South African apartheid system and racial segregation. Achievements: Dismantling of apartheid, free elections, Nelson Mandela's presidency. Prominent Activists: Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Walter Sisulu.

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Indigenous Rights Movement

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Goals: Recognition and respect for indigenous people's rights and land. Achievements: Legal victories for land rights, establishment of Indigenous Peoples' Day. Prominent Activists: Rigoberta Menchú, AIM leaders, Evo Morales.

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Fair Trade Movement

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Goals: Promote fair wages and working conditions for producers in developing countries. Achievements: Fair trade certification, increased consumer awareness. Prominent Activists: Francisco Van der Hoff Boersma, Paul Rice, Harriet Lamb.

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Privacy Rights Movement

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Goals: Protect individual privacy from government and corporate surveillance. Achievements: Data protection laws, greater public discourse on privacy rights. Prominent Activists: Edward Snowden, Glenn Greenwald, Shoshana Zuboff.

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Gay Liberation Movement

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Goals: End stigmatization and criminalization of homosexuality. Achievements: Increased social acceptance and legal rights for LGBTQ+ individuals. Prominent Activists: Frank Kameny, Barbara Gittings, Harry Hay.

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Anti-Corruption Movement

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Goals: Combat corruption in politics and public life. Achievements: New laws and enforcement mechanisms, increased public awareness. Prominent Activists: Anna Hazare, Eliot Ness, Zephyr Teachout.

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Peace Movement

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Goals: Promote peace and end war. Achievements: Anti-war protests that influenced policy, such as Vietnam War opposition. Prominent Activists: Bertrand Russell, Jane Addams, Albert Einstein.

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Labor Movement

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Goals: Improve workers' rights and working conditions. Achievements: Establish minimum wage, child labor laws, workers' rights to unionize. Prominent Activists: Samuel Gompers, Cesar Chavez, Mother Jones.

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Anti-Nuclear Movement

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Goals: Oppose nuclear weapons and advocate for nuclear disarmament. Achievements: Nuclear-weapon-free zones, treaties, and some disarmament. Prominent Activists: Albert Einstein, Linus Pauling, Helen Caldicott.

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Anti-Global Warming Movement

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Goals: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Achievements: Paris Agreement, growing renewable energy sector. Prominent Activists: Al Gore, Bill McKibben, Greta Thunberg.

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Tea Party Movement

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Goals: Reduction of government size, fiscal conservatism, and lower taxes. Achievements: Influenced elections and policy, rise of conservative politicians. Prominent Activists: Sarah Palin, Rand Paul, Ted Cruz.

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Black Lives Matter Movement

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Goals: Address systemic racism and violence against Black individuals. Achievements: Global awareness of racial injustice, policy and police reforms. Prominent Activists: Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi.

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Pro-Democracy Movement

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Goals: Promote democratic governance, free elections, and human rights. Achievements: Democratic reforms, overthrow of authoritarian regimes. Prominent Activists: Aung San Suu Kyi, Lech Wałęsa, Nelson Mandela.

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Anti-War Movement (Iraq War)

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Goals: Opposition to the Iraq War, end military intervention. Achievements: Widespread protests and debate, influence on public opinion about war. Prominent Activists: Cindy Sheehan, Howard Zinn, Noam Chomsky.

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Digital Rights Movement

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Goals: Defend freedom of expression, privacy, and innovation on the internet. Achievements: Net neutrality protections, opposition to SOPA/PIPA. Prominent Activists: Aaron Swartz, Cory Doctorow, Tim Berners-Lee.

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Anti-Slavery Movement

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Goals: Abolish slavery worldwide. Achievements: The prohibition of slavery in numerous countries, international treaties. Prominent Activists: Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, William Wilberforce.

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Animal Rights Movement

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Goals: End animal exploitation and cruelty, promote animal welfare. Achievements: Legislation for animal welfare, spread of veganism. Prominent Activists: Ingrid Newkirk, Peter Singer, Temple Grandin.

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Disability Rights Movement

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Goals: Secure equal opportunities and rights for people with disabilities. Achievements: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), improved accessibility in public spaces. Prominent Activists: Ed Roberts, Judy Heumann, Justin Dart.

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Globalization and Anti-Globalization Movements

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Goals: Debate over the benefits and drawbacks of global economic integration. Achievements: Policy changes and more critical approach to international trade agreements. Prominent Activists: Naomi Klein, Jose Bove, Vandana Shiva.

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Occupy Wall Street Movement

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Goals: Address income inequality, corporate influence, and the power of financial institutions. Achievements: Spread of the '99% vs. 1%' narrative, influence on political discourse. Prominent Activists: Kalle Lasn, Micah White, David Graeber.

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Gun Control Movement

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Goals: Implement stricter gun control laws to reduce gun violence. Achievements: Background check improvements, assault weapon bans in some areas. Prominent Activists: Emma González, Gabby Giffords, Michael Bloomberg.

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