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Totalitarian Regimes

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Stalin's Soviet Union

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Characterized by centralized control, a command economy, and repression of dissent. Responsible for mass purges and the Great Terror.

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Fascist Italy under Mussolini

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Characteristics include the corporate state, propaganda, and militarism. Cultivated the myth of Mussolini as 'Il Duce'.

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Ba'athist Iraq under Saddam Hussein

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Sought Arab unity and socialism. Notorious for use of chemical weapons against Kurds and authoritarian governance.

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North Korea under the Kim dynasty

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A hereditary dictatorship with nuclear ambitions, severe censorship, and a state ideology of Juche.

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Pinochet's Chile

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A military dictatorship with neoliberal economic reforms. Known for human rights violations and Chicago Boys' influence.

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The Taliban's Afghanistan (1996-2001, 2021-present)

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An Islamic fundamentalist group enforcing strict Sharia law. They are known for the oppression of women and the destruction of cultural heritage sites.

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Gaddafi's Libya

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A revolutionary socialist state with direct democracy ideals according to the Green Book. Gaddafi's rule was marked by the support of international terrorism.

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Nazi Germany under Hitler

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Marked by fascist ideology, anti-Semitism, and aggressive expansionism. The Holocaust and World War II were central events.

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Francoist Spain

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A conservative, authoritarian regime supportive of Catholicism and nationalism. Suppressed regional cultures and languages.

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Castro's Cuba

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A communist state that survived the Cold War. Known for its healthcare system, literacy campaigns, and resistance to US influence.

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Khmer Rouge's Cambodia

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Led by Pol Pot, this regime aimed for an agrarian socialist society. Resulted in the Cambodian genocide and forced labor camps.

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Ceaușescu's Romania

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Noted for severe austerity measures, grandiose projects, and the Securitate secret police. Ended with the 1989 revolution.

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Hoxha's Albania

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Characterized by extreme isolationism, Stalinist purges, and the construction of numerous bunkers throughout the country.

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Mao's People's Republic of China

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Featured collectivization, the Cultural Revolution, and strong ideological control. Led to famine and the persecution of intellectuals.

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Tito's Yugoslavia

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A socialist state with a non-aligned foreign policy. Promoted 'Brotherhood and Unity' among diverse ethnic groups.

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