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These are vitamins and minerals required in smaller quantities to ensure proper metabolic function. Essential for athletes for maintaining overall health and optimizing performance.

A strategy used by athletes to maximize the storage of glycogen in the muscles and liver by increasing carbohydrate intake before an endurance event. Enhances endurance performance.

The process of consuming nutrients post-exercise to facilitate recovery. It involves carbohydrate, protein, fluid, and electrolyte replenishment.

A temporary condition often seen in athletes, characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. It can impact performance and is affected by nutrition.

Food and beverages consumed after exercise. It focuses on recovery by replenishing glycogen stores, repairing muscle tissues, and rehydrating the body.

Minerals in the body that maintain the balance of fluids and are essential for muscle function. Key for athletes to prevent cramping and maintain performance.

The process of maintaining a proper balance of fluids in the body. Crucial for athletes to prevent dehydration, regulate body temperature and maintain performance levels.

Fats consumed in the diet. Provide a concentrated source of energy and are important for hormone production, cell membrane function, and nutrient absorption in athletes.

The strategic consumption of nutrients at specific times around exercise sessions. Can enhance recovery, muscle repair, and energy availability.

These are nutrients needed in larger quantities that provide energy; they include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Important for energy supply and recovery in sports.

The relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure. Critical for athletes to manage body weight and composition for optimal sports performance.

Food and beverages consumed before exercise. It's aimed at providing the necessary fuel and nutrients to support activity and improve performance.

Products taken orally that contain dietary ingredients intended to supplement the diet. They can include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, and can help athletes reach nutritional goals.

The amount of protein consumed. Important for muscle repair and growth, especially critical for athletes engaged in intense training or strength-based sports.

A measure of the blood glucose-raising potential of the carbohydrate content of a food compared to a reference food. Understanding it helps athletes manage energy levels and insulin response.

The ratio of body fat to lean body mass. It is an important indicator of fitness and performance in athletes.

Compounds that inhibit oxidation and protect the body from free radicals. They help athletes manage oxidative stress from intense workouts.

Substances, devices, or practices that enhance an individual's energy use, production, or recovery. They can provide a performance advantage in athletic competition.

Foods that have a positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition. They can improve health and enhance performance in athletes.