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CP acts as a rapid source of high-energy phosphate for the regeneration of ATP. It is crucial during short, intense bursts of activity, such as sprinting or heavy lifting.

Carbohydrate loading is a strategy used by endurance athletes to maximize glycogen stores before an event, enhancing endurance and delaying fatigue.

The anaerobic energy system operates without oxygen, quickly producing ATP through ATP-CP pathway and glycolysis. It's essential for high-intensity, short-duration efforts like powerlifting.

Fat oxidation is the metabolic process of breaking down fatty acids for ATP production. It becomes significant in long, endurance events where glycogen stores are low.

The aerobic system uses oxygen to produce ATP. It is responsible for long-duration, lower-intensity activity performance, like marathon running.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the aerobic production of ATP via electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. It supports prolonged activities by efficiently generating large amounts of ATP.

The lactic acid system involves anaerobic glycolysis where glucose is converted to lactate, producing ATP. It's key for sustaining higher-intensity efforts for 1-3 minutes.

Energy continuum refers to the interplay of the three energy systems to meet the varying demands of athletic activity over different time frames and intensities.

VO2 max is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise. It represents an athlete's aerobic capacity and endurance potential.

The phosphocreatine system replenishes ATP stores rapidly using creatine phosphate. It's vital for maximal intensity activities lasting up to 10 seconds.

ATP is the primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. Athletic performance relies on the rapid availability of ATP for muscle contraction.

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP. It's significant for activities lasting from a few seconds to minutes, offering a balance between power and endurance.

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which fuels muscle contractions during exercise, especially important in the initial phases of activity.

Respiratory exchange ratio is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed at the cellular level. It's used to estimate the predominant fuel (carbohydrates or fats) being metabolized during exercise.

Muscle fiber types include Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch). Type I fibers are more efficient in using oxygen to generate ATP aerobically, while Type II fibers excel in short, explosive movements.

EPOC represents the increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity. It's associated with the body's effort to restore itself to pre-exercise conditions, indicating intensity of the workout.