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A reduction in training volume and intensity prior to major competitions to reduce fatigue and enhance performance.

The body's physiological response to training loads, leading to increased physical capabilities such as strength, endurance, or power.

Describes how as an individual gets fitter, the same effort yields smaller improvements; advanced athletes require more sophisticated training regimens to see progress.

Tailoring training to challenge the energy systems that are predominantly used in the sport or activity, ensuring energy production pathways are optimally developed.

The principle that fitness gains are lost when training stops; to maintain fitness levels, regular training must continue.

Incorporating a range of exercises and training modalities to maintain motivation and prevent overuse injuries; it prevents training from becoming stale and monotonous.

Involves organizing training into cycles with variations in intensity, volume, and specificity to peak athletes for key competitions and prevent overtraining.

Involves training movements that closely mimic the biomechanics of the target activity or sport, enhancing the sports-specific mechanical adaptations.

Incorporates rest and recuperation into the training program; adequate recovery is essential for performance improvements and prevention of overtraining.

Occurs when an athlete is exposed to excessive training loads without adequate rest, leading to long-term performance decrements and increased risk of injury.

A short-term training strategy where volume and/or intensity are intentionally increased to cause brief performance decrement followed by a supercompensation phase.

Refers to the development of a well-rounded training program that improves all fitness components without overemphasizing one aspect at the expense of others.

Refers to the principle that training should be relevant and appropriate to the sport for which the individual is preparing; training should mirror the specific physiological and biomechanical demands of the sport.

Acknowledges that training needs to be adjusted based on the individual's age, gender, fitness level, and goals, as different people respond differently to the same training stimulus.

Involves gradually increasing the volume, intensity, frequency, or duration of training to stimulate the body's adaptation over time.