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Training Load Management
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Acute Load
The amount of training load that an athlete has been exposed to in the last 7-10 days; it's crucial for preparing an athlete for competition without causing overtraining.
Chronic Load
The amount of training an athlete has performed over a longer period, typically 4-6 weeks, which helps establish the athlete's base fitness level.
Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio
A ratio that compares an athlete's training load for the most recent week (acute) to their average weekly training load over the past four weeks (chronic); a tool for balancing training and recovery to prevent injury.
Internal Load
It refers to the physiological and psychological stress imposed on an athlete during training, such as heart rate, blood lactate, and perceived exertion.
External Load
Quantifiable work done by athletes during training or competition, including distance run, weight lifted, and total number of sprints.
Training Volume
The total amount of work performed by an athlete, often quantified as the number of repetitions, sets, or distance covered in training.
Intensity
The level of effort or exertion that an athlete applies in training, often categorized by heart rate zones, speed, or weight lifted.
Overreaching
A short-term extreme training load that exceeds an athlete's current capacity to recover, which can be functional (positive outcome) or non-functional (leading to overtraining).
Overtraining Syndrome
A condition where an athlete experiences a long-term decline in performance and impaired recovery processes due to excessive training loads.
Periodization
The systematic planning of athletic training, which divides the training schedule into specific periods or cycles to target different goals and to optimize performance.
Tapering
The reduction of training load before a major competition to allow athletes to recover and peak in their performance.
Deloading
A planned reduction in training volume or intensity to facilitate recovery and prevent overtraining.
Functional Overreaching
An intentional, short-term increase in training load that leads to a brief decrement in performance but followed by supercompensation and improved performance levels.
Non-Functional Overreaching
An excessive increase in training load without adequate recovery, leading to an extended reduction in performance and potential overtraining syndrome.
Supercompensation
The post-recovery phase where an athlete's performance capacity increases beyond their previous baseline levels after a period of training and adequate recovery.
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
A self-assessment scale used by athletes to quantify the subjective intensity of their performance during training or competition.
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
The measure of the variation in time intervals between heartbeats, which can indicate an athlete's recovery status and readiness to train.
Load Tolerance
The capacity of an athlete to handle and adapt to training stress without sustaining an injury or excessive fatigue.
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