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A measure of a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group, typically assessed by a standardized test that yields a numerical score.

A theoretical model in psychology to describe human personality through five broad domains: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, measured through questionnaires and self-report surveys.

A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks. It can be measured through self-report questionnaires and scales like the General Self-Efficacy Scale.

The amount of information that can be held in mind and manipulated in a short period of time, measured by tasks such as the n-back or digit span tasks.

A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. Measured clinically through self-report questionnaires, interviews, and scales like the Beck Depression Inventory or the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

A tendency to perceive situations as threatening, leading to anxiety responses. Measurement is done through trait anxiety scales like the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

An individual's perceived quality of life, including emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. It is typically measured using scales such as Satisfaction with Life Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

The ability to suppress undesired or irrelevant behaviours or thoughts, typically measured with tasks like the Go/No-Go or Stop-Signal tasks.

Psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating particular entities with some degree of favor or disfavor, measured using explicit methods like Likert scales or implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test.

A system for permanently storing, managing, and retrieving information for later use, typically measured through recall, recognition, and relearning tasks.

The mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting cognitions (beliefs, attitudes, or values), usually assessed through self-report measures or inferred from choices and behaviors.

The belief that one can determine their own behavior, influence their environment, and bring about desired outcomes, measured using questionnaires like the Locus of Control scale.

The propensity to engage in behavior that has the potential to be harmful or dangerous but which might also yield a positive outcome, measured through self-report scales or behavioral tasks like the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).

The capacity to rotate mental representations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects, typically measured through tasks that require participants to identify rotated versions of a given object.

The condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure, measured through behavioral tasks and observation of the lack of initiative.

The ability to identify, assess, and control one's own emotions, those of others, and those of groups, usually measured through abilities-based assessments like the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT).

A mental state in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment, typically measured through self-report scales and interviews.

The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms or expectations, measured using observational methods and experiments such as Asch's conformity experiments.

Higher-order cognitive processes that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control, assessed through tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Stroop Task.