Discover published sets by community

A representative group of people who take the test and provide data to establish norms. It affects test results by providing a benchmark for interpreting individual scores.

Statistical data that represent typical performance of a group. Norms affect test results by offering a context for understanding where an individual's score falls relative to others.

The consistency of test scores across time and items. Reliability affects test results by ensuring that the scores are stable and repeatable.

The extent to which the test measures what it purports to measure. Validity affects test results by indicating whether the test is measuring the correct construct.

The stability of test scores over time when a test is administered more than once to the same people. It affects test results by indicating the temporal consistency of the test.

The equivalence of test scores between different forms of the same test. It affects test results by ensuring that varying versions measure the same constructs equally well.

The degree to which test items measure the same construct. It affects test results by ensuring that all parts of the test contribute equally to what is being measured.

The degree of agreement among different raters or judges. It affects test results by showing that scores are consistent across different observers.

The extent to which an individual’s observed test score might vary due to measurement errors. It affects test results by quantifying the precision and reliability of the scores.