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Categorizes data without a numerical value; used for labeling variables without a quantitative value.

Ranks data; can denote order of items but not the difference between them; used when categorizing variables that have a natural order.

Numerical scale where intervals between numbers are consistent, but there is no true zero; used for variables that have order and a fixed measurement scale.

Possesses all interval scale properties, with a true zero point; enables a full range of statistical operations; used when the data can be ordered, have equal intervals, and have a meaningful zero point.

A type of ordinal scale especially used in surveys to measure degrees of opinion or attitudes; consists of a series of statements with which respondents indicate agreement or disagreement.

A cumulative scale where items are arranged hierarchically, determining the intensity of a given variable; used when each item implies the endorsement of all lower items.

A type of ordinal scale where statements are graded by judges and assigned numerical values; used to measure attitudes by calculating the mean or median score of responses.

An interval scale used for measuring the meaning people ascribe to concepts or events, where respondents rate any concept on a series of bipolar adjectives.

Scale used for measuring subjective characteristics or attitudes that cannot be directly measured; involves marking a point along a line between two end-points.