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Characterized by changes in group structure, the redefinition of group goals, or a shift in membership. Social worker's role is to assist in renegotiating the group's objectives, integrating new members, and maintaining group vitality.

Characteristics include getting to know each other, identifying purpose, and forming initial bonds. Social worker's role is to facilitate introductions, help define group goals, and promote a safe environment for sharing.

Characterized by effective collaboration and the achievement of group goals. Social worker's role is to help the group maintain focus on objectives and to foster high performance through support and encouragement.

Involves the dissolution of group structures, acknowledgement of group achievements, and reflection upon learning. Social worker's role is to provide closure, celebrate group accomplishments, and facilitate the transition out of the group.

Characteristics include the development of group cohesion and the establishment of norms. Social worker's role is to facilitate the development of trust amongst group members and to consolidate group norms and values.