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Types of Social Support
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Instrumental Support
Instrumental support refers to practical or tangible assistance that helps someone complete tasks or get through difficult situations. Examples include lending money, helping with housework, or giving a ride to the hospital.
Emotional Support
Emotional support involves expressing care and empathy towards an individual, providing reassurance, and fostering a sense of belonging and esteem. Examples include listening to a friend's problems or giving a hug.
Informational Support
Informational support is the provision of advice, information, guidance, or mentoring to help an individual understand and cope with personal or situational difficulties. Examples include offering job search tips or providing information about a medical diagnosis.
Companionship Support
Companionship support is the presence of companions or social contacts to provide a sense of belonging and reduce feelings of loneliness. Examples include spending time together, participating in a group activity, or simply being there for someone.
Appraisal Support
Appraisal support involves providing feedback and affirmation that helps an individual evaluate their thoughts and feelings, often in a context of self-improvement or decision-making. Examples include providing constructive criticism or helping someone reflect on their actions.
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