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Flooding of coastal aquaculture facilities, salinity changes, and adaptation through elevated infrastructure and improved drainage systems

Lowered pH levels in freshwaters, shell damage in mollusks, and buffering systems as well as watershed management to mitigate effects

Decreased shellfish growth, disrupted sensory abilities in fish, and potential mitigation through selective breeding and buffering agents

Altered growth rates, increased vulnerability to diseases, and mitigation via selective breeding and temperature-controlled aquaculture systems

Damage to infrastructure, disruption of supply chains, and resilience through robust design and emergency preparedness plans

Impact on reef ecosystems critical for certain fish species, causing reduced biodiversity and mitigation by reducing other stressors and reef restoration

Reduced oxygen availability leading to increased mortality, and countermeasures like aeration technologies and water quality monitoring systems

Threat to aerobic aquatic organisms, forced migration or death, and response through habitat enhancement and oxygenation equipment

Toxicity issues for shellfish, blocked sunlight, and approaches to control through nutrient level management and early warning systems

Disruption to natural breeding areas, challenges for wild catch supplies, and adaptive strategies through ecosystem monitoring and habitat management

Fewer nutrients in surface layers, affecting feed availability for farm-raised fish, and response with artificial feeding strategies and nutrient cycling

Adverse effects on fish metabolism and stress responses, with potential adaptations including advanced monitoring systems and bicarbonate supplementation in water

Physiological stress on aquaculture species, potential loss of productivity, and intervention by selective breeding for salinity tolerance and salinity control systems

Reduction in polar habitats and changes in species distribution, with strategies including diversification of species farmed and shifts in operational locations