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Symptoms: Fuzzy white growths around the mouth. Cause: Bacterial infection (Flavobacterium). Treatment: Antibacterial medication, improved tank hygiene.

Symptoms: Muscle degeneration, abnormal swimming motion. Cause: Genetic or feed-related deficiencies. Treatment: No specific treatment; dietary management can help prevent.

Symptoms: White spots on skin, gills and fins, scratching against objects. Cause: Protozoan parasite. Treatment: Raised water temperature and salt treatment, formalin, and copper sulfate.

Symptoms: Fraying or rotting fins, milky white edges on fins. Cause: Bacterial infection (various species). Treatment: Antibiotic medication, improving water quality.

Symptoms: Rapid gill movement, darkening skin, lethargy. Cause: Ciliates in the Scuticociliatida order. Treatment: Oxytetracycline or other antibiotics, maintaining proper salinity and temperature.

Symptoms: Yellow or rust-colored dust on skin, clamped fins, skin irritation. Cause: Dinoflagellate parasite. Treatment: Copper-based medications, formalin dips, UV sterilization.

Symptoms: Visible worms on body, inflammation around the attachment site. Cause: Crustacean parasites. Treatment: Physical removal and topical treatment with antiseptic, antiparasitic treatments.

Symptoms: Blood-streaked fins, ulcers, abdominal swelling. Cause: Bacterial infection (typically Aeromonas or Pseudomonas spp.). Treatment: Antibiotics, improving water quality and oxygen levels.

Symptoms: Ulcers, lesions on body, cloudy eyes, and lethargic movement. Cause: Amoeba infection. Treatment: Antiprotozoal medications, maintaining clean water conditions.

Symptoms: Restlessness, color fading, cyst internal growths. Cause: Parasitic infection (Pleistophora hyphessobryconis). Treatment: No cure; remove infected individuals to prevent spread.

Symptoms: Deep, crater-like ulcers, lethargy, mortality. Cause: Fungal infection (often Aphanomyces invadans) along with bacteria and parasites. Treatment: Comprehensive approach including antifungal, antibacterial, and water quality management.

Symptoms: Emaciation, lethargy, skin lesions. Cause: Mycobacterium spp. bacterial infection. Treatment: Limited treatment options; best managed by culling affected fish and sanitizing the environment due to zoonotic potential.

Symptoms: Difficulty swimming, floating upside down or at the top. Cause: Bacterial infection, genetic deformity, or poor diet. Treatment: Adjusting diet, peas, antibiotic treatment for infections.

Symptoms: Abnormal swimming, vacuolation of the retina and nervous system, high mortality in larvae. Cause: Nodavirus. Treatment: There is no cure; management includes biosecurity measures and choosing resistant broodstock.

Symptoms: Bloating, protruding scales, lethargy. Cause: Bacterial infection or other underlying health issue. Treatment: Antibiotic treatment, medicated food, improving water conditions.

Symptoms: Cotton-like growths, ulcers, gill lesions. Cause: Bacterial infection (Flavobacterium columnare). Treatment: Antibacterial medications like potassium permanganate or copper sulfate, improve water conditions.

Symptoms: Gills turning pale, heavy breathing, lethargy. Cause: Herpesvirus infection. Treatment: No known cure; supportive care, quarantine infected fish to prevent spread.

Symptoms: Gas bubbles under the skin or in the eyes, erratic swimming. Cause: High levels of dissolved gases in water. Treatment: Correct water aeration and pressure to reduce gas saturation.

Symptoms: Erratic swimming, exophthalmia (pop-eye), abdominal swelling. Cause: Bacterial infection (Streptococcus spp.). Treatment: Antibiotic therapy and supportive care.

Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, excessive mucus on gills, gill cover protrusion. Cause: Various including bacterial, parasitic infections, or poor water quality. Treatment: Addressing water quality, antiparasitic or antibacterial treatment.

Symptoms: Pits or holes on the head and lateral lines of the fish, weight loss. Cause: Protozoan parasites (Hexamita spp.). Treatment: Antiprotozoal and antibiotic medication, dietary enhancement.

Symptoms: Abnormal swimming patterns, black tail, skeletal deformities. Cause: Parasitic infection (Myxobolus cerebralis). Treatment: No known treatment, management involves prevention and removing infected fish.

Symptoms: Visible lice on skin, irritation, increased mucus. Cause: Crustacean parasites. Treatment: Physical removal of lice, organophosphate or diflubenzuron treatment.

Symptoms: Cauliflower-like growths on skin, fins, and mouth. Cause: Viral infection. Treatment: Typically resolves on its own; maintain water quality and good diet.