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Marketing Principles
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Brand Equity
The value that a brand adds to a product; the extent to which customers are willing to pay extra for a brand.
Cost Per Acquisition (CPA)
A marketing metric that measures the aggregate cost to acquire one paying customer on a campaign or channel level.
Geographic Segmentation
The process by which a market is divided by geography such as country, region, or city.
Cross-Selling
The action or practice of selling an additional product or service to an existing customer.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
A technology for managing all your company's relationships and interactions with customers and potential customers.
Product Life Cycle
The cycle through which every product goes through from introduction to withdrawal or eventual demise.
Market Development
A growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets.
Influencer Marketing
A form of social media marketing involving endorsements from influencers, people and organizations who possess an expert level of knowledge and/or social influence in their respective fields.
Value Proposition
An innovation, service, or feature intended to make a company or product attractive to customers.
Price Elasticity of Demand
A measure of the change in the quantity demanded or purchased of a product in relation to its price change.
Permission Marketing
A non-traditional marketing technique that advertises goods and services when advance consent is given.
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)
An approach to creating a unified and seamless experience for consumers to interact with the brand/enterprise; it attempts to meld all aspects of marketing communication.
Marketing Mix (4Ps)
The set of actions, or tactics, that a company uses to promote its brand or product in the market; the 4Ps are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.
Diversification
A corporate strategy to enter into a new market or industry which the business is not currently in, while also creating a new product for that new market.
Positioning
A marketing strategy that aims to make a brand occupy a distinct position, relative to competing brands, in the mind of the customer.
Market Segmentation
The process of dividing a market of potential customers into groups, or segments, based on different characteristics.
B2C Marketing
Business-to-consumer marketing, which refers to the tactics and strategies in which a company promotes its products and services to individual people.
Inbound Marketing
A method of attracting, engaging, and delighting people to grow a business that provides value and builds trust.
Outbound Marketing
The traditional form of marketing where a company initiates the conversation and sends its message out to an audience.
Social Media Marketing
The use of social media platforms to connect with your audience to build your brand, increase sales, and drive website traffic.
Viral Marketing
Marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
A factor that differentiates a product from its competitors, such as the lowest cost, the highest quality, or the first-ever product of its kind.
Behavioral Segmentation
The process of dividing the market based on the behaviors and decision-making patterns of customers.
Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV)
The prediction of the net profit attributed to the entire future relationship with a customer.
SWOT Analysis
A strategic planning technique used to identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats related to business competition or project planning.
Marketing ROI
Return on Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment.
Market Penetration
The amount of a product or service that is sold to its target market, compared to the total estimated market for that product or service.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
A management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders.
B2B Marketing
Business-to-business marketing, which refers to marketing products or services to other businesses.
Relationship Marketing
Marketing strategies that emphasize customer retention, satisfaction, and lifetime customer value.
Personal Selling
A form of selling in which one person (the salesperson) uses skills and techniques for building personal relationships with another person (the customer) to generate sales and create repeat business.
Brand Positioning
The act of designing the company's offering and image to occupy a distinct place in the mind of the target market.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
The process of optimizing a website to get organic, or unpaid, traffic from the search engine results page.
Product Development
A growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets.
Public Relations (PR)
The practice of managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public.
Word of Mouth
The passing of information from person to person by oral communication, which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day.
Target Market
A particular group of consumers at which a product or service is aimed.
Up-Selling
A sales technique where a seller induces the customer to purchase more expensive items, upgrades or other add-ons in an attempt to make a more profitable sale.
Content Marketing
A strategic marketing approach focused on creating and distributing valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain a defined audience.
Direct Marketing
A type of advertising campaign that seeks to elicit a direct response from consumers in relation to a product or service.
Psychographic Segmentation
The process of dividing the market based on personality traits, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles of customers.
Brand Awareness
The extent to which consumers are familiar with the qualities or image of a particular brand of goods or services.
Affiliate Marketing
An online sales tactic that lets a product owner increase sales by allowing others targeting the same audience to earn a commission by recommending the product to others.
Pay-Per-Click (PPC)
An internet advertising model used to direct traffic to websites, in which an advertiser pays a publisher when the ad is clicked.
Conversion Rate
The percentage of visitors to a website that complete a desired goal out of the total number of visitors.
Demographic Segmentation
The process of dividing a market into segments based on customer demographics such as age, gender, income, etc.
Sales Promotion
A marketing strategy where the product is promoted using short-term attractive initiatives to stimulate its demand and increase its sales.
Test Marketing
The process of testing the viability of a new product or service in a limited market before a wide-scale launch.
Marketing Funnel
A consumer focused marketing model which illustrates the theoretical customer journey towards the purchase of a product or service.
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