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Media and Cultural Studies
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Agenda Setting Theory
A theory in mass communication that suggests the news media have a large influence on audiences by their choice of what stories to consider newsworthy. This is culturally relevant as it shapes public discourse and societal focus on particular issues.
Cultural Imperialism
The dominance of one culture over another, historically seen when media products from wealthier countries generate a cultural influence on the culture of other countries. Cultural relevance is found in discussions about the impact of Hollywood films on global cultures.
Cultivation Theory
This theory argues that exposure to the media, over time, subtly 'cultivates' viewers' perceptions of reality. Its cultural relevance is seen in the discussions about how television affects individuals' views of social reality.
Media Convergence
The merging of distinct media technologies and media forms resulting from digitization and computer networking. The cultural relevance is seen in how this changes media consumption patterns and the shifts in media industry power structures.
Political Economy of Media
A theory that examines the production, distribution, and consumption of media. It's culturally significant as it assesses the power dynamics in media industries, including issues of ownership, regulation, and control.
Two-Step Flow of Communication
A concept that suggests that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them to a wider population. It underscores the cultural relevance of the personal influence on media effects.
Hegemony
In cultural studies, this term refers to the dominance of one group over another, enforced through cultural means. It's relevant because it helps explain how one culture can dominate others through media and other social institutions.
The Public Sphere
A term coined by Habermas; it's the virtual or imaginary community formed when private individuals come together to discuss public affairs. Culturally, this is relevant in understanding the formation of public opinion and the role of media in democracy.
Global Village
A term coined by Marshall McLuhan suggesting the world has become interconnected by electronic communication to be like a small village. Culturally, this explains the impact of media on world-wide communication and culture sharing.
Media Ecology
A theoretical framework that suggests that media technology shapes how we think, feel, act, and how society operates. Its cultural relevance is in understanding how different media changes our environment and behaviors.
Symbolic Interactionism
A framework for building theory that sees society as the result of the daily interactions of individuals. In media, it's culturally relevant in analyzing how people interact with media and the meanings they derive from it.
Semiotics
The study of signs and symbols, semiotics looks at how meaning is constructed and understood. It's relevant in cultural studies because it helps in analyzing how media texts communicate to audiences.
Uses and Gratifications Theory
This theory suggests that people actively choose media that will satisfy given needs or desires. Culturally, it highlights the role of the audience's choice in the media consumption process.
Media Literacy
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. Culturally, it's relevant due to the increasing need for critical thinking regarding media consumption and production.
Media Hegemony
The idea that media are controlled by a dominant class and hence exert political and cultural influence by shaping the ideology of that culture. Culturally, this is relevant in the context of media ownership and bias.
Encoding/Decoding Model
Developed by Stuart Hall, it refers to the process by which a message is created (encoded) by the sender, and then interpreted (decoded) by the receiver. It's culturally relevant because it highlights different readings of media messages among diverse audiences.
Reception Theory
A version of reader response literary theory that emphasizes each particular reader's reception or interpretation of a literary text. In media, it's culturally relevant because it suggests diverse audience interpretations based on social and personal contexts.
Intertextuality
The shaping of a text's meaning by another text. It is a reference within a text to another text or meaning. Culturally relevant, as it helps us understand the complex web of relationships within media content.
Hyperreality
A condition in which reality is mixed seamlessly with the representation of reality; it's often indistinguishable from reality itself. Culturally relevant in media studies as it assesses the impact of virtual worlds, simulations, and media representations on the understanding of the 'real world'.
Framing Theory
The manner in which media and journalists structure news stories to shape the audience’s perception of reality. Culturally, it affects how audiences interpret news events and their understanding of societal issues.
Postmodernism
A late-20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of grand narratives. In media, it's culturally relevant when discussing the fragmented forms of media and the representations of reality.
Digital Divide
The gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology, and those that don't or have restricted access. Culturally, this is relevant in discussions about inequality, education, and access to information.
Narrative Theory
A framework that suggests stories and narratives shape individuals' perceptions and social reality. Culturally relevant in media studies, it explains how stories in various forms of media influence and construct our understanding of the world.
Third-Person Effect
The belief that media affects other people more than oneself. It has cultural significance in understanding perceptions of media influence and can lead to support for censorship or regulation.
Spiral of Silence
A theory that explains the process by which one opinion becomes dominant as those who perceive their opinion as being in the minority do not speak up for fear of being isolated from society. This is culturally relevant in the study of public opinion formation and media's role therein.
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