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Media Ownership and Control
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The Network Society
A concept advanced by Manuel Castells, referring to a social structure based on networks enabled by digital communications technologies. It implies a shift in how media is produced and consumed, potentially altering control mechanisms.
Concentration of Media Ownership
This refers to the process where progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. This can lead to less diversity in content and perspectives, which may impact democratic discourse.
Telecommunications Act of 1996
This landmark U.S. legislation deregulated the broadcast and telecommunications markets, leading to substantial media consolidation. Critics argue it reduced the diversity of voices and opinions in the media.
Media Pluralism
Media Pluralism is the degree to which there is diversity in media content and ownership. It's crucial for a healthy democracy as it ensures multiple viewpoints and opinions are available to the public.
Cross-Media Ownership
When a single company owns various types of media outlets, like TV, radio, and newspapers, it's called Cross-Media Ownership. It poses risks such as reduced competition and diversity in media viewpoints.
Alternative Media
Media outlets that provide alternative information to mainstream media content. They often operate with the goal of challenging established power structures and providing a voice to underrepresented communities.
Media Hegemony
A situation where the dominant class can project their ideology across the media as the accepted cultural norms. It often happens subtly and is a form of social control.
Public Service Broadcasting
A model of media where the content is broadcasted with a public interest focus, rather than for profit. These organizations aim to inform, educate, and entertain while being free from commercial and political pressures.
The Propaganda Model
Developed by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky, the Propaganda Model outlines how systemic biases function in mass media. It suggests that media acts to propagate the agendas of the dominant, elite classes.
The Big Six
Refers to the six major media conglomerates that once dominated media landscape in the early 21st century: Comcast, Walt Disney, WarnerMedia, Fox Corporation, ViacomCBS, and Sony. They illustrated the intensity of media consolidation.
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