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Television Studies Fundamentals

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Public Service Broadcasting

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Broadcasting made, financed, and controlled by the public, for the purpose of serving the public interest without commercial pressure, often funded by the government or through public licensing fees.

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Multi-Camera Production

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A method of television production where multiple cameras are used simultaneously to capture a scene from different angles, typically used in situation comedies, soap operas, and sports.

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Agenda-Setting Theory

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The theory that the media doesn't tell us what to think, but it is remarkably successful in telling us what to think about by the selection of issues it covers.

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Single-Camera Production

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A television and film production style that uses only one camera to shoot all angles of a scene, often providing a more cinematic look and feel compared to multi-camera setups.

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Television Upfronts

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Annual events at which television networks present their fall lineups and new shows to advertisers, press, and the other networks, often to secure early advertising commitments.

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Narrative Complexity

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A trend in television storytelling that blends standalone episode formats with ongoing story arcs, featuring complicated plots, time plays, and connections to broader narrative threads.

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TV Audience Segmentation

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The process of dividing a television audience into discrete groups based on demographics, psychographics, viewing habits, or other relevant factors to create targeted content or advertising strategies.

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Showrunner

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The person responsible for the daily operations of a television series and creative functions ranging from writing and script editing to production and management.

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Flow Theory

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Developed by Raymond Williams, it explains how television's structure and sequence of programming create a 'flow', influencing how viewers perceive and engage with the medium.

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Reality Television

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A genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations often featuring an otherwise unknown cast and focused on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment.

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Post-Network Era

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A period in the television industry characterized by new modes of television distribution, consumption, and production, such as streaming services, that have emerged beyond traditional network television.

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Television Ratings and Measurement

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The procedures and methodologies used to determine the audience size and composition for television programming, which are crucial for advertising and for understanding viewer preferences.

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Uses and Gratifications Theory

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This approach explores why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs, such as entertainment, information, personal identity, and integration and social interaction.

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Cultivation Theory

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This theory posits that long-term exposure to television content can shape viewers' perceptions of reality, often cultivating views that reflect the most common messages presented in the programming they watch.

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Framing Theory

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This concept involves the social construction of a shared reality by mass media. Frames are abstractions that work to organize or structure message meaning, and influence the perception of the audience.

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Global Television Formats

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TV show formats, such as reality shows or game shows, that are developed in one country and then adapted for production and broadcast in other countries, often with local alterations.

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Hypodermic Needle Theory

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Also known as the magic bullet theory, it suggests that mass media messages are 'injected' directly into the brains of passive audiences, assuming media has a direct, immediate, and powerful effect.

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Television Genre Analysis

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The examination and classification of television programming into genres, such as comedy, drama, or news, based on sets of conventions, settings, themes, and narratives.

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Encoding/Decoding Model

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Developed by Stuart Hall, it emphasizes the importance of the audience's role in interpreting media texts, suggesting that a media message is encoded by its producers and decoded by its viewers, who may read it in various ways.

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Spiral of Silence Theory

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Proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, it states that individuals who perceive their views on controversial issues as being in the minority are less likely to express them publicly due to fear of isolation.

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