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Television Studies Fundamentals
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Public Service Broadcasting
Broadcasting made, financed, and controlled by the public, for the purpose of serving the public interest without commercial pressure, often funded by the government or through public licensing fees.
Multi-Camera Production
A method of television production where multiple cameras are used simultaneously to capture a scene from different angles, typically used in situation comedies, soap operas, and sports.
Agenda-Setting Theory
The theory that the media doesn't tell us what to think, but it is remarkably successful in telling us what to think about by the selection of issues it covers.
Single-Camera Production
A television and film production style that uses only one camera to shoot all angles of a scene, often providing a more cinematic look and feel compared to multi-camera setups.
Television Upfronts
Annual events at which television networks present their fall lineups and new shows to advertisers, press, and the other networks, often to secure early advertising commitments.
Narrative Complexity
A trend in television storytelling that blends standalone episode formats with ongoing story arcs, featuring complicated plots, time plays, and connections to broader narrative threads.
TV Audience Segmentation
The process of dividing a television audience into discrete groups based on demographics, psychographics, viewing habits, or other relevant factors to create targeted content or advertising strategies.
Showrunner
The person responsible for the daily operations of a television series and creative functions ranging from writing and script editing to production and management.
Flow Theory
Developed by Raymond Williams, it explains how television's structure and sequence of programming create a 'flow', influencing how viewers perceive and engage with the medium.
Reality Television
A genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations often featuring an otherwise unknown cast and focused on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment.
Post-Network Era
A period in the television industry characterized by new modes of television distribution, consumption, and production, such as streaming services, that have emerged beyond traditional network television.
Television Ratings and Measurement
The procedures and methodologies used to determine the audience size and composition for television programming, which are crucial for advertising and for understanding viewer preferences.
Uses and Gratifications Theory
This approach explores why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs, such as entertainment, information, personal identity, and integration and social interaction.
Cultivation Theory
This theory posits that long-term exposure to television content can shape viewers' perceptions of reality, often cultivating views that reflect the most common messages presented in the programming they watch.
Framing Theory
This concept involves the social construction of a shared reality by mass media. Frames are abstractions that work to organize or structure message meaning, and influence the perception of the audience.
Global Television Formats
TV show formats, such as reality shows or game shows, that are developed in one country and then adapted for production and broadcast in other countries, often with local alterations.
Hypodermic Needle Theory
Also known as the magic bullet theory, it suggests that mass media messages are 'injected' directly into the brains of passive audiences, assuming media has a direct, immediate, and powerful effect.
Television Genre Analysis
The examination and classification of television programming into genres, such as comedy, drama, or news, based on sets of conventions, settings, themes, and narratives.
Encoding/Decoding Model
Developed by Stuart Hall, it emphasizes the importance of the audience's role in interpreting media texts, suggesting that a media message is encoded by its producers and decoded by its viewers, who may read it in various ways.
Spiral of Silence Theory
Proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, it states that individuals who perceive their views on controversial issues as being in the minority are less likely to express them publicly due to fear of isolation.
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