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The gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not. Impact: This can exacerbate inequalities, limiting the benefits of media globalization for underprivileged groups and regions.

A sociological perspective that analyzes the world system of societies as interconnected through economic, political, and cultural exchange. Impact: Applied to media globalization, it helps explain the power dynamics and inequalities in international media distribution.

The ability to influence others through cultural or ideological means, as opposed to hard power, which involves coercion. Impact: Nations may use media as a form of soft power to promote their cultural values and political ideologies globally.

The process through which communication products and services are distributed and consumed across the world, erasing geographical and cultural boundaries and increasing global interconnectedness. Impact: It facilitates cultural exchange but can also lead to cultural homogenization and westernization.

The blending of elements from different cultures as a result of globalization, leading to the creation of new, hybrid cultural forms. Impact: This challenges the idea of cultural imperialism and demonstrates a more creative and interactive global culture.

Refers to the direction and volume of media moving across borders. Impact: Historically characterized by a one-way flow from developed to developing countries, with recent trends showing a more complex, multi-directional flow.

The merging of traditional media with digital media technologies, leading to the cross-platform distribution of content. Impact: It enables the global reach of media content but can also concentrate ownership in hands of few global conglomerates.

The weakening of cultural ties to specific geographic locations due to the global distribution and consumption of media. Impact: It contributes to a sense of a global culture, but may also cause disconnection from local traditions and communities.

The domination of media markets by a small number of large corporations, shaping public perception and culture. Impact: It can limit diversity of perspectives and create a monoculture driven by commercial interests.

A critical perspective on media globalization suggesting that dominant nations and their media corporations impose their culture and values on less dominant countries. Impact: It can undermine local cultures and traditions, promoting a one-way flow of media from the West to the rest of the world.

A portmanteau of 'globalization' and 'localization', referring to the adaptation of global products and services to fit local markets and cultures. Impact: Encourages preservation of cultural identities while participating in global markets.