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Elements of Argumentation

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Conclusion

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The final part of the argument that summarizes the main points and reasserts the claim. Example: Therefore, implementing free access to healthcare services is a necessity for modern societies.

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Claim

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A statement that asserts a point, belief, or truth the argument seeks to prove. Example: All citizens should have free access to healthcare.

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Counterargument

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A viewpoint that opposes your main argument. Example: Some argue that free healthcare is too costly for the government to sustain.

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Reasoning

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The explanation of why the evidence supports the claim. Example: Because preventive care reduces the likelihood of serious illnesses, free healthcare access leads to a healthier population.

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Backing

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Additional support for the warrant. Example: The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights implies a right to healthcare.

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Qualifiers

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Words or phrases that limit the claim to make it more reasonable. Example: Most developed countries should have free access to basic healthcare services.

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Warrants

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The underlying assumptions that support the argument. Example: A society is obligated to provide for the health of its citizens.

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Evidence

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Supporting information used to validate the claim. Example: Studies show that free access to healthcare leads to better public health outcomes.

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Rebuttal

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A response to the counterargument to defend the original claim. Example: While the upfront costs are significant, the long-term savings from a healthier population justify the investment.

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Tone

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The attitude conveyed by the style and overall presentation of the argument. Example: A formal and respectful tone when discussing a sensitive issue.

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