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Uses words with strong emotional implications to influence. Instance: Politician using terms like 'tyranny' and 'freedom fighters' in a speech.

Associates a patriotic or positive symbol with a candidate or cause. Instance: Using the national flag in political campaign ads.

Substitutes a more pleasant phrase for one with a negative connotation. Instance: Saying 'collateral damage' instead of civilian casualties.

Encourages people to act because 'everyone else is doing it.' Instance: Advertisements claiming 'America's favorite car brand.'

Takes statements or comments out of their original context in order to distort the intended message. Instance: Media outlets presenting a politician's comment in a misleading way.

Uses derogatory language or labels to discredit an opponent. Instance: Political campaign that labels opponents as 'radicals'.

Presents only positive information while omitting negative information. Instance: A soft drink commercial that talks about taste but not about high sugar content.

Generalizes a group of people in an oversimplified and prejudiced way. Instance: An advertisement that depicts a certain nationality in a cliché role.

Stretching the truth to give a more favorable or dramatic impression. Instance: A cleaning product commercial claiming it kills 99.99% of all bacteria.

Speakers present themselves as average citizens to appear relatable. Instance: Political candidate talks about growing up in a small rural town.

Reduces complex issues to simple slogans or catchphrases. Instance: Political messaging that boils down complex policy to 'Tax less, benefit more.'

Uses flawed logic to persuade. Instance: 'If we allow kids freedom in choosing courses, they will just choose the easy ones and education standards will plummet.'

Claims that something must be true because it is supported by an expert or authority figure. Instance: Citing a renowned doctor's opinion in a pharmaceutical ad.

Employs vague, sweeping statements using language associated with values and beliefs. Instance: Slogans like 'Change We Can Believe In.'

Warns the audience that disaster will follow if they do not adopt a particular course of action. Instance: Insurance commercials that show scenes of catastrophic events if you don't have coverage.