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Types of Rhetorical Appeals

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Exigence

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Exigence is a form of rhetorical appeal that refers to an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak.

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Telos

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Telos refers to the purpose or goal of a rhetorical situation. It answers the question of why a speaker is making an argument.

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Logomachy

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Logomachy is the rhetorical appeal to definition or the meaning of words. It involves debates over the concept a word signifies.

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Logos

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Logos is an appeal to logic or reason. It is about using rational arguments, facts, statistics, or other evidence to support claims.

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Antithesis

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Antithesis is the rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences, helping to highlight a contrast or opposition.

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Aporia

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Aporia is the expression of doubt about an idea or conclusion among other rhetorical strategies. It serves to create a sense of humility or to raise questions.

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Enthymeme

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Enthymeme is a rhetorical appeal that resembles a logical syllogism but with one part of the argument being implicit, relying on the audience's agreement to complete.

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Ethos

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Ethos is a rhetorical appeal to credibility or character. This appeal convinces an audience of the presenter's credibility or worthiness of trust.

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Pathos

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Pathos appeals to the audience’s emotions. It is intended to elicit an emotional response from the audience, such as fear, happiness, or sadness.

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Anaphora

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Anaphora is a rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis.

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Kairos

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Kairos is the rhetorical appeal to the timeliness of an argument. It refers to making an argument that is most persuasive because of its timing.

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Metanoia

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Metanoia is the rhetorical practice of retracting a statement just made, and then stating it in a better, milder, or stronger way. This can bring attention to a particular point.

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