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Theories of Persuasion

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Theory of Reasoned Action

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Proposes that a person's behavior can be predicted from their intention to perform the behavior, which is a function of their attitude toward the behavior and subjective norms.

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Extended Parallel Process Model

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A theory that explains how people respond to fear appeals in persuasive messages by either controlling the danger or controlling their fear.

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Social Judgment Theory

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Persuasion is a process of comparing incoming messages against current attitudes, where acceptance is more likely if the message falls within the 'latitude of acceptance.'

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Protection Motivation Theory

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This theory focuses on how individuals are motivated to protect themselves from harmful or threatening events through adaptive and maladaptive coping.

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Inoculation Theory

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Argues that attitudes can be 'inoculated' against persuasion by exposing people to weak arguments against their existing beliefs, strengthening their ability to refute future challenges.

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Elaboration Likelihood Model

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Explains different ways consumers process and respond to persuasive messages, via the central route (deep, reflective thinking) or the peripheral route (superficial cues).

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Source Credibility Theory

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The theory suggests that a source's credibility, based on expertise, trustworthiness, and goodwill, is critical in determining the success of a persuasive message.

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Balance Theory

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Explains how individuals maintain consistency in patterns of liking and disliking among themselves and others, with a focus on triadic relationships (P-O-X paradigm).

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Consistency Theories

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A group of theories suggesting that people are motivated to maintain consistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, leading to efforts to reduce dissonance.

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Sleeper Effect

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A delayed increase in the effect of a persuasive message associated with a low-credibility source, where over time the message dissociates from its source in the audience's memory.

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Dual Process Theories

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These theories, which include the Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Heuristic-Systematic Model, propose two routes to persuasion: systematic (or central) and heuristic (or peripheral).

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Persuasion Knowledge Model

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The model posits that consumers develop knowledge of persuasion tactics over time, which can affect their responses to persuasive attempts.

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Information Processing Theory

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Describes how individuals encode, store, and retrieve information, with implications for how persuasive messages are formulated and remembered.

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Cognitive Dissonance Theory

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Holds that conflicting beliefs or values produce discomfort (dissonance), which people are motivated to reduce by changing their attitudes or behavior.

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Theory of Planned Behavior

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Extends the Theory of Reasoned Action to include perceived behavioral control as a factor influencing both the intention and the behavior itself.

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Hovland-Yale Model

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Suggests that persuasion occurs through attention to the source, message, and audience characteristics, leading to a process of learning that results in attitude change.

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Social Influence Theory

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Covers the myriad ways in which individuals change their behavior to meet the demands of a social environment, including conformity, compliance, and obedience.

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Narrative Persuasion Theory

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Suggests that people are persuaded by narratives due to emotional engagement, reduced counterarguing, and transportation into the story world.

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