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Common 3D File Formats

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.glb

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GLB is the binary file format representation of 3D models saved in the GL Transmission Format (glTF). It aims to be an efficient, interoperable format for the transmission and loading of 3D scenes and models by applications.

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.step

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STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) files are 3D CAD file formats used to store and share 3D models. STEP is considered a comprehensive standard due to its ability to cover all aspects of product data throughout the life cycle.

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.iges

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The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) is a vendor-neutral file format that allows the digital exchange of information among computer-aided design (CAD) systems. It can describe wireframes, surfaces, circuit diagrams, and other representations.

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.obj

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The OBJ file format is a simple data-format that represents 3D geometry alone — namely, the position of each vertex, the UV position of each texture coordinate vertex, face elements and optionally, texture files, known as material template library files.

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.dae

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Digital Asset Exchange (DAE) files are based on the COLLADA (Collaborative Design Activity) XML schema. COLLADA is used to exchange digital assets among various graphics software applications.

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.3ds

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3D Studio (.3ds) is one of the file formats used by the Autodesk 3D Studio software that stores three-dimensional designs, objects, and environments. It includes geometry, lighting, and texture information as well as scene hierarchy.

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.ply

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The PLY format, also known as the 'Polygon File Format' or the 'Stanford Triangle Format,' is predominantly used to store the geometry of a 3D model, including vertex data, color information, and face data.

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.fbx

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FBX (Filmbox) is a popular 3D file format that was originally developed by Kaydara for MotionBuilder. It was acquired by Autodesk in 2006 and is now widely used for animation, game development, and design visualization software.

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.blend

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BLEND is the native file format of Blender, a free and open-source 3D creation suite. It contains all aspects of Blender data, including models, scenes, textures, and even embedded scripts written in Python.

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.gltf

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glTF (GL Transmission Format) is a royalty-free specification for the efficient transmission and loading of 3D scenes and models by applications. glTF minimizes both the size of 3D assets, and the runtime processing needed to unpack and use them.

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.x3d

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X3D is an XML-based file format for representing 3D computer graphics. It supports a multitude of features including rendering, modeling, animation, interaction, and communication of 3D scenes across applications.

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.stl

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STL is a file format native to the stereolithography CAD software created by 3D Systems. It is widely used for rapid prototyping and computer-aided manufacturing, and is one of the simplest 3D model file formats.

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