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Types of Shading in Graphics
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Texture Mapping
Applies a 2D image texture to a 3D model, using the model's UV map to properly wrap the texture around the model.
Flat Shading
This shading technique applies a single shade to each polygon without any gradation, based on the polygon's normal and the light source direction.
Phong Shading
Similar to smooth shading but includes an additional step where pixel normals are interpolated from vertex normals, allowing for a high-quality rendering of specular highlights.
Bump Mapping
Simulates small-scale bumpiness on surfaces without actually altering the model's geometry, by perturbing surface normals during the lighting calculations.
Normal Mapping
An advancement of bump mapping, this technique uses a texture map filled with normal vectors instead of grayscale values to create the illusion of complex surface detail.
Smooth Shading
A technique that shades by interpolating vertex normals over the polygon's surface to achieve a more realistic, smoothly shaded appearance.
Subdivision Shading
A technique where the geometry is successively subdivided to create a smoother surface for the light to interact with, resulting in more gradual shading transitions.
Cel Shading
A non-photorealistic technique that applies flat colors with hard edges between them, often used to mimic the style of hand-drawn animation.
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