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Lebanese Cuisine Staples

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Falafel

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Ingredients: Chickpeas or fava beans, garlic, onions, herbs, spices, and baking soda. Cultural Significance: A widely popular Middle Eastern fast food, it's a vegetarian-friendly option that has become synonymous with street food culture.

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Batata Harra

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Ingredients: Potatoes, coriander, garlic, chili pepper, olive oil. Cultural Significance: A piquant appetizer or side dish that showcases the Lebanese penchant for bold and aromatic spices.

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Rice Pilaf

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Ingredients: Rice, vermicelli, butter or olive oil, salt. Cultural Significance: A fundamental side dish that's a testament to the ingenuity of turning humble ingredients into a rich and textured complement to mains.

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Makdous

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Ingredients: Baby eggplants, walnuts, red peppers, garlic, olive oil, and various seasonings. Cultural Significance: A type of pickled eggplant that demonstrates Lebanese expertise in pickling and preserving vegetables.

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Manakish

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Ingredients: Dough, za'atar or thyme, cheese, or ground meat, olive oil. Cultural Significance: Also known as Lebanese pizza, it's a common breakfast or snack item, showcasing za'atar, a quintessential Lebanese spice blend.

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Labneh

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Ingredients: Strained yogurt, salt, olive oil, sometimes garnished with herbs or spices. Cultural Significance: A creamy dairy staple often eaten at breakfast, it represents the Lebanese skill in preserving and flavoring dairy products.

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Mousakhan

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Ingredients: Chicken, sumac, onions, olive oil, flatbread. Cultural Significance: A Palestinian dish widely enjoyed in Lebanon, it is known for its tangy and rich flavor, often shared among families and in communal settings.

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Sfeeha

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Ingredients: Ground meat (beef or lamb), pine nuts, yogurt, tomatoes, onions, dough, Lebanese seven spices. Cultural Significance: A savory pastry that reflects the embeddedness of communal dining in Lebanese culture, often enjoyed at family gatherings.

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Kanafeh

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Ingredients: Thin noodle pastry or semolina dough, sweet cheese, sugar syrup flavored with orange blossom or rose water, pistachios. Cultural Significance: A beloved dessert, kanafeh is a hallmark of Lebanese sweets, often consumed during celebrations.

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Lebanese Lentil Soup

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Ingredients: Red lentils, carrots, potatoes, onion, cumin, lemon juice. Cultural Significance: Warm and nourishing, this soup symbolizes home cooking and is a customary first course in a traditional Lebanese meal.

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Lebanese Mezze

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Ingredients: Various, could include hummus, tabbouleh, meat skewers, kibbeh, stuffed grape leaves, etc. Cultural Significance: Mezze showcases the sociable aspect of Lebanese eating, with small dishes meant for sharing at communal gatherings.

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Samke Harra

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Ingredients: Fish, typically like snapper or cod, a spicy tahini sauce, cilantro, garlic, and walnuts. Cultural Significance: A seafood specialty that defines the festive cuisine of the coastal regions of Lebanon.

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Sayadieh

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Ingredients: Fish, rice, onions, various spices including cumin and cinnamon, pine nuts. Cultural Significance: A coastal dish that highlights the importance of the Mediterranean Sea and its influence on Lebanese cuisine.

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Loubia

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Ingredients: Green beans, tomatoes, onion, garlic, meat (optional), and traditional spices. Cultural Significance: A comforting stew that's a staple in Lebanese homes, often eaten with flatbread or rice.

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Tabbouleh

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Ingredients: Parsley, tomatoes, bulgur wheat, lemon juice, olive oil, mint, salt, green onions. Cultural Significance: A traditional salad known for its fresh and vibrant flavor, commonly served as part of a mezze.

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Mujadara

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Ingredients: Lentils, rice, onions, cumin, olive oil. Cultural Significance: An emblem of simplicity and sustenance, this dish is associated with fasting and traditional frugality in Lebanese cuisine.

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Rozz Mdardara

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Ingredients: Rice and green or brown lentils cooked together, onions, olive oil, and a spice mix that could include cumin, coriander, and cinnamon. Cultural Significance: An everyday Lebanese dish, symbolic of home-cooking and vegetarian variety in the diet.

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Awarma

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Ingredients: Lamb confit, rendered lamb fat, salt, various spices like peppercorn and bay leaves. Cultural Significance: Illustrates traditional Lebanese methods of meat preservation and exemplifies the cuisine's depth in utilizing all parts of the animal.

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Hummus

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Ingredients: Cooked chickpeas, tahini, garlic, lemon juice, olive oil, salt. Cultural Significance: A popular dip throughout the Middle East, it is a staple that represents the simplicity and depth of Lebanese flavors.

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Shish Barak

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Ingredients: Dough dumplings, minced meat, pine nuts, yogurt sauce. Cultural Significance: A traditional Lebanese dish that resembles a yogurt-based stew with meat dumplings, expressing the blend of textures and flavors quintessential in the local cuisine.

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Baklava

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Ingredients: Phyllo dough, nuts such as walnuts, pistachios, or almonds, butter, sugar, honey, lemon juice, rose water or orange blossom water. Cultural Significance: A sweet pastry that embodies celebration and generosity, often served during festive occasions.

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Kafta

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Ingredients: Ground beef or lamb, parsley, onions, breadcrumb, and Middle Eastern spices. Cultural Significance: This versatile meatball or skewered dish represents family barbeques and social gatherings around food, a core of Middle Eastern hospitality.

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Shawarma

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Ingredients: Slices of marinated beef, lamb, or chicken, garlic sauce, tahini, pickles, wrapped in a flatbread. Cultural Significance: Reflects the Lebanese talent for grilling meats, as well as their influential street food culture.

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Fatayer

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Ingredients: Dough, spinach or other fillings like cheese or meat, lemon juice, onions, pine nuts. Cultural Significance: These small pies are often served as part of a mezze spread, also popular as on-the-go food, epitomizing Lebanese snacking culture.

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Fattoush

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Ingredients: Lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, mint, sumac, fried or toasted pieces of pita bread. Cultural Significance: An everyday salad that’s celebrated for its use of fresh vegetables and crunchy pita, embodying the Lebanese love for fresh produce.

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Lebanese Chicken and Potatoes

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Ingredients: Chicken, potatoes, garlic, lemon juice, olive oil, and seasoning like paprika or coriander. Cultural Significance: A simple yet hearty dish that reflects the Lebanese approach to bringing out the flavors of basic ingredients.

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Zaatar Manakish

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Ingredients: Dough, zaatar (a mix of thyme, sumac, sesame seeds), olive oil, salt. Cultural Significance: A popular breakfast choice, this manakish variant reflects the everyday use of zaatar in Lebanese households.

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Lebanese Garlic Sauce (Toum)

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Ingredients: Garlic, salt, lemon juice, and neutral oil like canola or vegetable oil. Cultural Significance: An indispensable condiment in Lebanese cuisine, accompanying meats and bread, showcasing the love for strong, pungent flavors.

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Lebanese Coffee

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Ingredients: Finely ground coffee, water, optionally cardamom, served unfiltered. Cultural Significance: A strong, aromatic brew that is a morning ritual and a mark of hospitality; often enjoyed in social and family gatherings.

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Kibbeh

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Ingredients: Bulgur wheat, minced onions, finely ground lean beef or lamb, Middle Eastern spices. Cultural Significance: Often considered Lebanon's national dish, this versatile dish can be served baked, fried, or raw.

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